Atomic Structures:

Chemical Formula and

Names of Compound
1ST Quarter - General Chemistry 1

Prepared by: VINCENT NIÑO E. BAYOTLANG

Learning Competencies

1. Recognize common isotopes and their

uses (STEM_GC11AMIc-e-19).;
2. Name compounds given their formula
and write the formula given the name of
the compound (STEM_GC11AMIc-e-23).
 QUICK REVIEW:

Particle Symbol Relative Charge

Proton p+ +1
Neutron n0 0
Electron e- -1

Remember!!
• The identity of an element is
based on its number of protons.
• The mass number is the sum of
the number of protons and
neutrons in an atom.
 ISOTOPES
• Isotopes refer to the atoms of an element having the same
atomic number but a different mass number.
• Isotopes of an element differ in the number of neutrons.

Isotope notation:
ISOTOPES

Protium, Deuterium,
and Tritium are the
isotopes of
Hydrogen.
 Example:
Using the periodic table,
let us look at the different
isotopes of the element
Carbon (C).
• There are 3 naturally
occurring isotopes of C:
C-12, C-13, and C-14
• These isotopes differ in
no. of neutrons, hence,
differ in mass number
 Atomic mass
• The atomic mass of oxygen listed in the periodic table of
elements is the average atomic mass of the isotopes
with respect to their percent natural abundance.
• Steps in getting the atomic mass:
1. Multiply the atomic mass of each isotope by its
abundance
2. Add the PRODUCT of the atomic mass and natural
abundance and you will obtain the atomic mass.
 Example:
Atomic Mass Natural Abundance
Isotope (%)
(amu)
16
O 15.99491 99.759
17
O 16.99913 0.037
18
O 17.9916 0.204
Solution:

Atomic Mass (amu) Natural Abundance (%)

15.99491 x 0.99759 = 15.9564
16.99913 x 0.00037 = 0.0063
7.9916 x 0.00204 = 0.0367
Average Mass: = 15.9994 amu
Common isotopes and their uses
 • Atoms and molecules are electrically neutral.
What happens when atoms
and molecules acquire a net
charge? becomes

ions
• charged particles
• either “+” or “-”
 IONS
monoatomic polyatomic
made up of only one made up of one or more
atom than one type of atom
NOTE: THE MONOATOMIC AND
POLYATOMIC IONS ARE FOUND IN THE
PERIODIC TABLE.
 CHEMICAL FORMULA
• Two types of chemical
formula:
1. Molecular Formula
- actual number of
atoms present
2. Empirical Formula
- in terms of the
smallest ratio of the
number of atoms
In order to get the empirical formula, think of
present
lowest term. Divide the subscript by its Greatest
Common Factor (e.g. 3 and 9, divide by 3)
Binary Compounds
These are made up of two elements. It is classified into
two, Ionic and Molecular compounds.

Ionic compounds- made up of cation and an anion.

Technique: The CrissCross Way!!!

Can you name

each of the ionic
compounds
formed?
Moreover, certain metals,
especially transition metals
can form more than one type
of ions. The name of the
formula can be written
through a classic system,
the use of suffix”-ous” for
lower charge and –“ic” for
higher charge. On the other
hand, Stock system, uses
Roman numbers (I, II, III, IV)
to express the charge.
Molecular compounds – made up of two non-metals that are
usually gases.
Rules of naming: Name of the first non-metal + second non-
metal with modified ending suffix (-ide)
Ternary compounds – made up of three elements, it follows
the same rule of binary ionic compounds. The name of the
cation is given first then followed by the name of the anion.
Acids
Acids are substances that yield or produce hydrogen ions
(H+) when dissolved in water. A formula of acids contains
one or more hydrogen atoms and an anion.
Binary Acids are composed of hydrogen and another
element, usually non-metal. The first part of the name
starts with the prefix hydro- followed by the name of the
element, modified by the ending -ic. Then, the second
part consists of the word “acid”. Name = hydro- (root
name of the element) -ic + acid.
Ternary Acids (Oxoacids) are made up of hydrogen and an anion,
usually containing oxygen. The first part of the name consists of the
root word of the name of the element, modified by the ending –ic. The
second part consists of the word ‘acid’. If there is another acid with the
same atoms, the suffix –ous are used to denote the one with lesser
number of atoms. Name = (root name of element) -ic (or –ous) + acid.