Directing

The Heart of the

Managerial Process
Directing as a Function of Management
5 Functions of Management by Koontz & O’ Donell
Planning

Controlling Directing

Staffing Organizing

Management is an art of DIRECTING human

efforts to achieve stipulated objectives.
Directing as a Function of Management
The Principles of Directing:
supervision
guidance
goals
written or verbal
complete & logical
encourage
cooperation
follow-up
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 Elements of Directing :

1. Leadership

True leadership is about taking

people to a place that they would not
go to by themselves.
Elements of Directing :
Elements of Directing :

2. Communication
Superior to subordinate
Ideation
From subordinates
Encoding
Between peers
Transmission
From caregivers
Receiving to patients, etc.
Not on the same
Decoding level of hierarchy
Response Rumor
 Elements of Directing :
3. Delegation
-to assign specific tasks to
workers

Assess Right…
Plan Person
Intervene
Evaluate Task
Time
 Elements of Directing :
4. Decision Making & Problem Solving
(value-based) (scientific process)
1

2
5 Decision Making
Models:
•Normative
3 •Decision Tree
4
•Descriptive
Elements of Directing :
5. Policies & Procedures

Policies = guidelines, tools

for orienting, used as
reference, basis for
developing procedures

Procedures = specific
directions for imple-
menting policies, used
for standardization,
for teaching & evaluating,
for updating employees
 Sample
Employee
Handbook
Table of
Contents
Elements of Directing :
6. Supervision
Supervising means overseeing
the activities of others. It is inspecting,
guiding, evaluating, and improving
the work performance of employees.
 Elements of Directing :
7. Coordination
-synchronization of activities

Whom do we coordinate with?

- Medical, administrative, radiology,
laboratory, pharmacy, dietary, social service,
community agencies, and other institutions
Elements of Directing :
 Elements of Directing :
8. Motivation
-To arouse, excite, or influence
behavior
 Elements of Directing :
9. Staff Development
Employees who are educated and supported
are more likely to be empowered, forward
thinking and motivated.

Programs include seminars,

case conferences, “shadowing” or
“buddy” system, formal schooling,
professional publications, inservice
training, & certification classes
 Elements of Directing :
10. Conflict Management
“Conflict is a
differing of ideas.”

Types of conflict:
•Overt •Vertical
•Covert •Horizonta
l
How do we resolve
these conflicts?
–avoidance,
accomodation,
compromise,
collaboration, competition
 SUMMARY
Directing that encourages leadership, motivation,
and communication techniques and emphasizes the human
aspects of managing individuals is most desirable. Personal and
motivational goals are met as the nurse is
motivated to be ambitious and responsible, to show
initiative, to be proud of fellow nurses and the
employing institution, to welcome change, and to demonstrate
individual abilities.
Effective directing will result in greater harmony
in the actions of supervisors and employees &
in the achievement of the objectives of
personnel as well as of the enterprise.
Directing will be most effective when
employees have leaders who provide direct
personal contact.
 ha n k
T
o u!
Y