Restating Phrases

and Sentences
This presentation by Sigit Riyadi
What are we gonna learn
today?
At this meeting, you will learn about Restating
Phrases and Sentences based on Course
Paraphrasing Text when I get a free lecture by
getting 15 courses at the United Kingdom Open
University. Then, you will learn based on UTBK
material.
 01
Restating
Restating is explaining
something (phrases/sentences)
in your words.
 –In other word,
Restating means expressing
the same idea in different
words, but not necessarily in
a shorter form.
FORMULA
EXAMPLE

In order to paraphrase a sentence, it is important to recognise the main point of the

sentence. Look at the following three sentences and identify the main point in each one.
Type your answers into the text box below.

1. AIDS has claimed many lives.

2. By the year 2001, AIDS had claimed over 21 million lives.
3. By the year 2001, AIDS had claimed over 21 million lives, in spite of medical
inventions, such as antibiotic therapy and mass vaccination, introduced after World
War 2.
 ANSWER
In the first sentence, only one point is made: that many people have died of AIDS.

In the second sentence, there is information about time (by the year 2001) and about the number of deaths
(over 21 million). The main point is still that many people have died of AIDS but, depending on what
information you need for the task you are doing, the other details may also be important.

In the third sentence, the original main point:

AIDS had claimed (many) lives

is now surrounded by extra detail, such as time:

By the year 2001, after World War 2

the number of deaths:

over 21 million lives

and information regarding types of medical intervention which have not managed to deal with the problem:
in spite of medical inventions, such as antibiotic therapy and mass vaccination
TEXT:
● HIV has been growing fastest in Europe.

RESTATE:
● The fastest growth of HIV has been in Europe.
TEXT:
● The number of new infections in Western Europe doubled to more than 365,000

RESTATE:
● There has been a doubling of new infections to over 365,000.
TEXT:
● Many non-governmental organisations (NGOs) also tackle health issues around the
world.

RESTATE:
● Globally, health problems are handled by many NGOs.
TEXT:
● UNAIDS launched the ‘3 by 5’ initiative.

RESTATE:
● The ‘3 by 5’ initiative was started by UNAIDS.
TEXT:
● Past epidemics and the long-term impact of diseases have been among the most potent
forces shaping the current global distribution of population and cultures.

RESTATE:
● Today, the spread of peoples and cultures around the world is largely the result of the
effect of epidemics and disease.
TEXT:
● The impact of HIV/AIDS on the economies and hence the political stability of heavily
affected countries is a major cause for international concern, and is a reminder that an
infectious disease still has the potential to alter the course of a country’s history.

RESTATE:
● There is global concern about the effect of HIV/AIDS on both the economies and the
balance of power in the most affected countries.
EXTRA

1 2 3

Understand the context of Choose the option with Identify sentences that
the sentence being asked important information simplify information
THE TYPES OF QUESTIONS

1 3
The sentence “...” (line 3, Which of the following best
paragraph 3) could restates the ideas of
possibly be restated as….. paragraphs 1 and 2?

2 4
The sentence “...” could By writing the sentence
possibly be restated as….. “...”, the writer implies
that…
THE TEXT
(1) Vaccines are substances that help the body fight off diseases and illnesses. In the past they have helped
save millions of lives around the world. Diseases are often caused by bacteria or viruses that attack the human
body.

A vaccine is a dead or very weak form of such a virus. When a vaccination is given to the body, it gets used to
these weaker viruses and can produce antibodies which stay active for a long time. When the real virus or
bacteria attack, the body becomes immune and can defend itself.

(2) Although many vaccines protect you throughout your life, some provide immunity for only a certain time.
Vaccines against the flu must be administered every year, because the flu virus can change or may appear in a
different form.

Most people already have a certain amount of immunity in their bodies. It is passed to them from their mother.
However, these antibodies do not protect a baby for a long time, so that many vaccines are given to infants in
their first years.
Some illnesses only occur in certain areas. If you travel, for example, to tropical regions, you should get
vaccines to protect you from yellow fever, malaria or hepatitis.

(3) Vaccines have saved the lives of millions of people in the past and virtually eradicated many diseases.

Smallpox, for example, was once one of the world's most serious diseases, which killed millions every year. By
the end of the 1970s smallpox had disappeared completely because nearly everyone was vaccinated. In the
20th century polio has been wiped out completely.

(4) The first vaccines were created towards the end of the 18th century. An English scientist, Edward Jenner,
carried out experiments with cowpox, a milder form of smallpox.

He found out that people who got cowpox rarely got ill from smallpox. In France, Louis Pasteur developed a
weak form of rabies to protect people from dog bites.

(5) Although vaccination is widely available and a part of the regular health program in almost all industrial
countries, there are still countries, especially in the Third World where people die of serious diseases.

About three million children each year are killed by diseases that could have been prevented. In developing
countries almost two thirds of all children are not vaccinated. The World Health Organization is fighting to
provide vaccines for these children.
Vaccines have saved the lives of millions of people in the
past and virtually eradicated many diseases." can be best
EXERCISE
restated by…

A. Millions of people have saved vaccines and eliminated

many diseases

B. Vaccines have claimed millions of lives after eradicating

many diseases

C. Numerous lives have saved vaccines and helped eradicate

various diseases

D. In the past, vaccines have eradicated millions of lives and

saved many diseases

E. A large number of people have been saved and various

diseases have been wiped out with the help of vaccines

Jawaban: E. A large number of people have been saved and

various diseases have been wiped out with the help of
vaccines
TEXT
Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in education. On the one hand, studies
have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning outcomes. For example, in science and mathematics
education, scholars have documented that the use of ICT can improve students’ conceptual understanding,
problem solving, and team working skills. Consequently, most curriculum documents state the importance of ICT
and encourage school teachers to use them. However, teachers need to specifically trained in order to integrate
ICT in their teaching.
Schools are known to be resistant to innovation and change, however, the spread of ICT is beginning to affect
how teachers teach. One of the current issues about the use of ICT is how it is integrated into the curriculum. The
curriculum document provide arguments for introducing ICT in the school setting. Therefore, schools expect that
graduates from teacher education programs have a reasonable knowledge of how to use ICT. However, this may
not be the case because most current teachers’ pre-service preparation, and subsequent in-service courses were
designed by using traditional educational technology and settings. Thus, the participants in these courses are not
familiar with the processes, interaction patterns, features, and possibilities of teaching learning processes based
on ICT.
Effective development of pre-service teachers’ ICT proficiency does not seem to be a direct process, but is the
one asking for a careful, complex approach. First, a need assessment is important to find out what ICT skills and
knowledge teachers need at schools. Second, designers of teacher education programs should know the pre-
service teachers’ perceptions of ICT and their attitudes toward ICT integration into curriculum. Third, teacher
education programs need to consider the two typical arguments that support the ICT use in schools.
(Adapted from www.cjlt.ca)
 EXERCISE
9. Which of the following best restates the sentence “Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an
important topic in education. On the one hand, studies have shown that ICT can enhance teaching and learning
outcomes.” in paragraph 1?
A. ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that ICT can develop teaching and
learning upshot.
B. Studies have shown that ICT can enrich teaching and learning end result
C. The use of ICT has been an insignificant topic in education. Also, studies have shown that ICT can enhance
teaching and learning outcomes.
D. Over the last two decades, the use of ICT has been an important topic in educational method.
E. Over the preceding two decades, studies have exposed that ICT can increase teaching and learning
outcomes.

Jawaban: A
Dalam pernyataan “Selama dua dekade terakhir, penggunaan ICT telah menjadi topik penting dalam pendidikan.
Di satu sisi, penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa TIK dapat meningkatkan hasil pengajaran dan pembelajaran.”
dapat dinyatakan kembali oleh opsi (A) ICT usage has been a vital topic in education and studies indicate that
ICT can develop teaching and learning upshot.
THAN