:METAZOA VACCINE DEVELOPMENT

IDENTIFICATION TO FORMULATION

Nadia hikmet Mohammad

Phd.microbiology
 )Metazoa(

all animals having the body composed of

cells differentiated into tissues and organs
and usually a digestive cavity lined with
specialized cells
Significant efforts have been directed toward vaccine
development for many metazoan parasites of medical and
veterinary importance, considered an ideal approach to prevent
reinfection/infestation that is generally not achievable with
.repeated prophylactic chemotherapy

In successful cases, target product profiles (TPP) or preferred product

characteristics (PPC) were developed to establish the value of including a
vaccine into public control programs, such as developed for hookworm
and
schistosomiasis vaccines. These product profiles were a refined, not only
through successes but also from failures during animal and human trial
.evaluations
A prime example, comes from hookworm vaccines developed against
A. caninum, native veterinary vaccine based on attenuated L3 larvae
failed commercially and an abandoned recombinant larval surface
protein (ASP-2) that caused undesirable adverse reactions in phase I
human clinical trials .The latter was due to elevated IgE levels elicited
within pre-exposed and possibly sensitized test subjects staying within
.a parasite endemic area causing generalized urticaria
In general, positive vaccine therapeutic effects and unwanted
hyper-immunity in sensitized individuals that presents an
ongoing challenge for vaccine development Therefore, care in the
selection, production and
formulation of targets for especially human vaccines must be
taken and homology (structure and epitope) screening of
.such antigens against libraries of known allergens
vaccine formulations

Native require production of parasite products, often using animal

hosts, on a large enough scale to produce a commercially viable
product. Therefore, considering the biological complexity of
most metazoan parasites, the use of native vaccines (whole
organism or purified protein fractions) are generally unfavorable
for commercial vaccine design )relative to recombinant vaccines(
,due to limitations including: scalability of antigen production
high production costs, low vaccine stability and shelf life as
.well as safety
Thanks for listening