Kinematics

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you will be able to...

1. Define kinematics
2. Define motion and differentiate its types
3. Differentiate speed from velocity using the concepts of distance and
displacement
4. Show and describe how a moving object accelerates
5. Define a uniformly accelerated motion
Distance V.S Displacement
Distance: total distance travelled
Displacement: shorter direct distance from
start to stop
What are Kinematic Equations?
Equations that allow one to predict the position, time, speed, and acceleration of an object

Legend:

d or x: Displacement
t: Time
a: Acceleration
Vi: Original or Initial Velocity
d Vf: Total or Final Velocity

*Assume that Acceleration is always constant*

 Kinematics
Other terms or symbols used to represent distance

Δ = Delta
Δx = xf-xi ; xf = final x ; xi = initial x
Kinematics
Problem Solving Strategy

1. Identify and write down known values or variable

2. Identify the unknown variable
3. Find the kinematic equation with the given variables
4. Substitute the known values into the equation
5. Solve
 Kinematics
Horizontal Motion
Example Problem

A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly over a time of 5.21s
for a distance of 112m. Determine the acceleration of the car.

Given: Vo= 0m/s ; t= 5.21s ; d= 112m

Reqd: a=?
Solution: d = Vi*t + (*a*) a=
112m = (0*5.21s) +() a =8.25 m/
112m = 0+13.57a
 Kinematics
Horizontal Motion
Example Problem

A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly 2.5m/. What would
the velocity be at time=10s, How far did the car travel.

Given: a =2.5 m/
Reqd: v=? ; d=?
Solution:
 Kinematics
Horizontal Motion
Example Problem

A car in motion has v= 27 m/s and needs to stop suddenly, stepping on the brakes
generating an acceleration of -8.4 . How long does it take to stop and how far will it skid?

Given: Vi= 27 m/s; Vf= 0m/s; a= -8.4 Solution:

Reqd: t=? ; d=?
 Kinematics
Horizontal Motion
Example Problem

A car in motion has v= 27 m/s and needs to stop suddenly, stepping on the brakes
generating an acceleration of -8.4 . How long does it take to stop and how far will it skid?
 Kinematics
Horizontal Motion
Example Problem

You are riding a bike downtown at a speed of 15m/s, and you see a red light ahead. You
gently brake over a distance of 50m and come to a complete stop. What is your acceleration
during this time?

Given: Vi= 15 m/s; Vf= 0m/s; d= 50m Solution:

Reqd: a=?
 Kinematics
Vertical Motion
Example Problem
You drop a rock at a 100m cliff, how long will it take to hit the ground and how fast will it be
travelling?

Given: d= -100m ; Vi= 0m/s Solution: d = Vi*t +(*a*)

Reqd: t=? -100m = 0*t +(*-9.8m/*)
-100m = (*-9.8m/*)
t=
t = 4.5s
 Kinematics
Vertical Motion
Example Problem
You drop a rock at a 100m cliff, how long will it take to hit the ground and how fast will it be
travelling?

Given: d= -100m ; Vi= 0m/s; Solution: d = Vi*t +(*a*) Vf = Vi + at

a= -9.8m/ -100m = 0*t +(*-9.8m/*) = 0m/s + at
Reqd: Vf=? -100m = (*-9.8m/*) Vf= at
= (-9.8m/)(4.5s)
t= Vf= -44.1m/s just before
t = 4.5s impact

*It is negative because it

travels downward*
 Kinematics
Vertical Motion
Example Problem
You throw a rock up in the air with a velocity of 10m/s sitting on a cliff 100m high, How long
will the rock be up in the air and how fast will the rock be traveling before it lands?
Given: d= -100m ; Vi= 10m/s; a= -9.8m/ Solution: d = Vi*t +(*a*)
a= -9.8m/ -100m = 10m/s*t +(*-9.8m/*)
Reqd: a=? -100m = 10m/s*t +(-4.9m/*)
-4.9 + 10t +100 = 0

𝒂 𝒃𝒄
Use the quadratic Equation:

−𝒃 ± √ 𝒃𝟐 − 𝟒 𝒂𝒄
𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
 Kinematics
Vertical Motion
Example Problem
You throw a rock up in the air with a velocity of 10m/s sitting on a cliff 100m high, How long
will the rock be up in the air and how fast will the rock be traveling before it lands?
Use the quadratic Equation:
−𝒃 ± √ 𝒃 − 𝟒 𝒂𝒄
𝟐
𝒙=
𝟐𝒂
−𝟏𝟎 ± √ 𝟏𝟎 −𝟒 (−𝟒 . 𝟗)(𝟏𝟎𝟎)
𝟐
𝒙=
𝟐( −𝟒 . 𝟗)

The positive answer is what we are looking for

 Kinematics
Vertical Motion
Example Problem
You throw a rock up in the air with a velocity of 10m/s sitting on a cliff 100m high, How long
will the rock be up in the air and how fast will the rock be traveling before it lands?
Solution: Vf= Vi + at
Vf=10m/s + ((-9.8m/)(5.65s))
Vf = 10m/s - 55.37m/s
Vf = -45.37m/s
It is negative since it is going down
 Kinematics
Vertical Motion
Example Problem
Kinematics
• On a 1 whole yellow pad, by pair (1 paper per pair)
• Write the Given
• Identify what is required
• Identify the Kinematic Equation to use
• Solve

1) You drop a rock at a 200m cliff, how long will it take to hit the ground and how fast will it
be travelling?

2) A car in motion has v= 89 m/s and needs to stop suddenly, stepping on the brakes
generating an acceleration of -9.6 . How long does it take to stop and how far will it skid?

3) An object is dropped from a height of 80 meters. Determine the time it takes for the
object to hit the ground, assuming it falls freely due to gravity.

4) A train starts from rest and accelerates at 3 for 15 seconds. Then, it continues to move at
a constant velocity for 30 seconds. Finally, it decelerates at 2 m/s2 until it comes to a stop.
Calculate the total distance the train travels during this time.