Behavior of Gases

• Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, & Gay Lussac’s Law

matter?
 •True or False

Gas has no definite shape and

definite volume
 •True or False

Gas particles occupy all spaces in

their container
 •True or False

Gas particles hits the wall of their

container
 •True or False

The temperature of gas depends on

how fast its particles are moving
 •True or False

The spaces between particles are so

wide that make a gas incompressible.
 • Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
• Postulate 1: Particles of gas are in constant motion and
collide with both one another and the container.
• Postulate 2: The gas is mostly empty space.
• Postulate 3: Pressure is exerted when the particles hit the
sides of the container.
• Postulate 4: We assume that the particles do not interact
with each other
• Postulate 5: Average kinetic energy is proportional to the
temperature.
The Volume of the gas is the volume of its (enclosed)
container because its particles occupy all the spaces available
in their container.
• The Pressure of a gas is the
force exerted by the gas
particles on the walls of its
container.
• The Temperature of a gas is
the average kinetic energy
of the particles of the gas.
 •Boyle’s Law
• At a constant
temperature,
the volume of
the confined gas
is inversely
proportional to
the pressure.
 •Charles’ Law
•At a constant pressure, a confined
gas is directly proportional to its
temperature.
 •Gay Lussac’s Law
• States that the pressure
exerted by the gas
particles inside an
enclosed container is
directly proportional to
its temperature, given
that the volume is
constant.
 •Recap
• Boyle’s Law – at constant temperature, volume is inversely
proportional to pressure.

• Charles’ Law - at constant pressure, volume is directly

proportional to temperature.

• Gay Lussac’s Law - at constant volume, pressure is directly

proportional to temperature.
 •Ideal Gas Law
• The ideal gas law is an equation of state the describes the
behavior of an ideal gas and also a real gas under conditions
of ordinary temperature and low pressure. This is one of the
most useful gas laws to know because it can be used to find
pressure, volume, number of moles, or temperature of a
gas.
• The formula for ideal gas law is: PV=nRT
• P = pressure • R = universal gas constant (0.0821 L atm/mole K)
• V = volume • T = absolute temperature (Kelvin)
• n = number of molecules
 Unit

Pressure atm

Volume L

n mole

R L atm / mole K

Temperature K
 •Unit Conversion

Standard Temperature and Pressure

0°C 273°K
1 atm 760 torr
PV=nRT
atm L = mol K
 •Example
• 2.3 moles of Helium gas are at a pressure of 1.70 atm, and
the temperature is 41 degree Celsius. Find its volume
• PV=nRT
• P = 1.70 atm
• V = ??
• N = 2.3 mol
• R = 0.0821
• T = 41°C
 •Example
• 6.2 liters of an ideal gas is contained at 3.0 atm and 37 °C.
How many moles of this gas are present?
• PV=nRT
•P=
•V=
•N=
•R=
•T=
 •Assignment

• At a certain temperature, 3.24 moles of CO 2 gas at 2.15 atm

take up a volume of 35.28 L. What is the temperature in
Celsius?
 •To bring next week

• ¼ illustration board
• 140 – mL syringe with end cap
• Glue stick (with glue gun if possible)