ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS

REVIEW

DENNIS ALBERT N. GONZALES

What Is Environmental Justice?

• Embodying the idea that individuals should be able to

“interact with confidence that [their] environment is safe,
nurturing, and productive.
Environmental Rights as a Component of Human Rights
• In the Philippine Constitution, environmental protection is stated not
in the Bill of Rights under Article III but in the Declaration of State
Policies under Article II.

• Nevertheless, the right to a healthful ecology is recognized as iron-

clad and no less demandable than those specifically enumerated in
the Bill
of Rights.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE IN THE PHILIPPINE LEGAL SYSTEM

• It is enshrined as a fundamental State policy under Section 16, Article II of

the Constitution:

• The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in
accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.

• The Constitution also provides that the Philippines “adopts the generally accepted principles of
international law as part of the law of the land.”

• Thus, customary international environmental laws are deemed incorporated or transposed into our
national laws
International Environmental Law
• The very first international environmental instrument was the 1921
Geneva Convention Concerning the Use of White Lead in Painting
six multilateral environmental agreements and their protocols:

• United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea25 (UNCLOS)

prevent pollution of the marine environment from any source, including “land-based sources

• 1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer - phase out substances that deplete the
ozone layer such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydro-chlorofluorocarbons
• 1989 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of
Hazardous Wastes
and their Disposal - It declares illegal the transboundary shipment and disposal of hazardous wastes

• 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity

• 1998 Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain
Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade - The convention requires
exporters trading in specific harmful chemicals such as asbestos39 and
endosulfan

• 2001 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

• It binds parties to immediately ban the production and use of certain pesticides such as aldrin and to eventually
phase out other pesticides such as DDT as these can adversely affect human health and the environment around
the world.
1. It aims to stop the environmental damage even before it occurs or when it is critical or potential damage
may be irreversible.

a. Principle of prevention

b. Precautionary principle

c. Sustainable development

d. Intergenerational Equity
1. This principle advocates that the potential harm should be addressed even with minimal predictability at
hand.

a. Principle of prevention

b. Precautionary principle

c. Sustainable development

d. Intergenerational Equity
1. The process of developing land, cities, businesses, communities and so forth that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

a. Principle of prevention

b. Precautionary principle

c. Sustainable development

d. Intergenerational Equity
1. It means each generation’s responsibility to leave an inheritance of wealth no less than what they themselves
have inherited.

a. Principle of prevention

b. Precautionary principle

c. Sustainable development

d. Intergenerational Equity
1. This part of the Philippine Constitution provides for the efficient use and state ownership of natural
resources.

a. Preamble

b. National territory

c. National Economy and Patrimony

d. Declaration of policies
1. Which of the following lands that can be alienated?

a. Forest land

b. Ancestral land

c. Timber land

d. Agricultural land
1. The following are lands of public domain, except

a. Agricultural

b. Forest

c. Mineral lands

d. Ancestral lands
1. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer regulates the use of what substances

a. Lead and other poisonous metals

b. Freons and halons

c. Toxic gases

d. Chemicals emitted by factories

1. What minerals used in certain products, such as building materials and vehicle brakes, to resist heat and
corrosion?

a. Endosulfan

b. Asbestos

c. Lead

d. Toxaphene
1. The following are the objectives of 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) except

a. The conservation of biological diversity

b. The sustainable use of the components of biological diversity

c. The fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resource

d. Designed to eliminate the risks arising from the transboundary movements of hazardous materials
1. Forest lands and national parks shall be conserved and may not be increased nor diminished, except

a. By act of the President

b. By Law

c. By administrative policy

d. By all means
1. What agreement that addresses matters about sovereignty, rights of usage in maritime zones, and
navigational rights?

a. The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

b. Kyoto Protocol to Global Climate Change Convention

c. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants

d. Rio de Janiero Declaration on Environment and Development

1. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer regulates the use of what substances

a. Freons and halons

b. Lead and carbon monoxide

c. Corrosive substances

d. All of the choices

1. Which of the following statement is not correct?

a. The exploration, development, and utilization of natural resources shall be under full control and supervision
of the State.

b. The state shall protect the nation’s marine wealth in its archipelagic waters, territorial sea, and exclusive
economic zone, and reserve its use and enjoyment exclusively to Filipino citizens

c. The Section also provides that State may not enter into agreements with private citizens and/or foreign
corporation to exploit natural resources of the State.

d. The State shall promote industrialization and full employment based on sound agricultural development and
agrarian reform
1. In the case of Oposa vs. Factoran, what was the basis of the minors in filing the action?

a. Prevent the destruction of environment

b. Intergenerational responsibility

c. Responsibility to the environment

d. Over-all prevention
1. The Philippine Supreme Court has held that the Articles II, Sections 15 and 16 of the 1987 Constitution
combined to create a right to a “balanced and healthful ecology”. What does it connote?

a. The right of those not yet born to see protected environment.

b. To bestow upon the State the obligation to protect a balanced and healthful ecology.

c. To oblige the government to protect environment

d. To oblige the present generation to become vigilant in protecting environment

1. The cornerstone of the international environmental law that reflects the principle of sovereignty over natural
resources and the duty not to cause harm.

a. Principle 21 of the Stockholm Declaration

b. Rio de Janiero Declaration on Environment and Development (Agenda 21)

c. Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer

d. Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

1. The UN Stockholm Conference declared the following agreements, except:

a. Dangerous level of pollution on water and air; earth and living being.

b. Major and undesirable disturbances to the ecological balance of the biosphere.

c. The use of clean water among indigenous people

d. The destruction and depletion of the irreplaceable resources.

1. Which of the following is not correct?

a. Every state of course is sovereign within its territory.

b. The sovereign right over natural resources include the right of the States to be free from external
interference

c. The exercise of State sovereignty however has its limits

d. Adherence to international standards is not mandated in many of the Philippine environmental statutes
1. In what part of the Philippine Constitution, environmental protection stated?

a. Bill of rights

b. National Territory

c. Preamble

d. Declaration of State Policies

1. The following are ways wherein Philippine apply international law except

a. Ratification

b. Local legislation

c. Constitutional fiat

d. referendum
1. Pacta sunt servanda means?

a. Sovereignty rules over territory

b. Authority governs the agreement of the parties

c. party must perform its treaty obligations with good faith

d. treaty obliged the State to abide

1. Network of treaties, statutes, regulations, common and customary laws addressing the effects of human
activity on the natural environmental.

a. Environmental justice

b. Environmental law

c. Treaties and Agreements

d. All of the choices

1. Laws relating to air quality protects

a. Human from lead poisoning

b. Ozone depletion

c. Against corrosive substances

d. All of the above

1. Addressing pollution after it happens.

a. Contaminant Cleanup

b. Air Quality

c. Chemical Safety

d. Waste Management
1. The fundamental allocation of costs but not automatically also as a principle of allocation of responsibility.

a. Polluter-pays principle

b. Principle of prevention

c. Ecological nuance

d. Principle of cooperation
1. Principle of cooperation in protecting environment means

a. determining certain limits on human interventions

b. reduce human impacts on the environment at source

c. cooperation of all sectors in the society are needed

d. Care of the environment is a common task of both the State and citizens
1. Governs the transport, treatment, storage and disposal of all manner of waste.

a. Contaminant clean-up

b. Waste management

c. Pollution control

d. All of the choices

1. The current state of water in the country has shown a rapid decline in quality due to

a. Lack of discipline

b. Poor water management

c. Lack of political will

d. Poor cooperation of all people

1. What law introduces the concept of reforestation in order to preserve the country’s forest lands?

a. Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines.

b. Plant Quarantine Decree of 1978

c. Strategic Environmental Plan (SEP) for Palawan Act

d. National Caves and Cave Resource Management and Protection Act

1. The following acts penalizes by Marine Pollution Decree of 1976 except

a. Dumping

b. Discharging to rivers

c. Destruction of marine wealth

d. Fishing
1. The law that seeks to provide proper management of the country’s water resources to sufficiently meet
future developments and needs.

a. PD No. 979

b. PD No. 1067

c. RA No. 8749

d. RA No. 6969
1. The law adopts internationally accepted measures which impose strict liability for oil pollution damage.

a. Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004

b. Oil Pollution Compensation Act of 2007

c. Marine Pollution Decree of 1976

d. Water Code of the Philippines

1. The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 espouses

a. The clean air for the next generation to come.

b. Law against exhaustion of poisonous gases from factories and vehicles.

c. The constitutional right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology.

d. The disastrous effect of gases emitted from factories.

1. What legal basis to be used in the absence of law that seek to protect the rights and dignity of every person?

a. Provision about Quasi-delict

b. Provision about Quasi-offenses

c. Provision about Human Relations

d. Provision about Nuisances

1. Which of the following is not a public nuisance?

a. pollution of navigable waterways

b. interfering with the use of public parks

c. the creation of public health hazards

d. Charivari during late nights

1. Which of the following statement is not correct?

a. There is negligence when a person’s conduct lacks the diligence required by the nature of the obligation.

b. Under the rules on quasi-delict, the basic legal duty is to act with reasonable care.

c. A party may be held liable for activities which result in harm to others even though he did not act
intentionally in causing the harm.

d. In environmental litigation, negligence is one of the arguments raised by the government.

1. The encumbrance imposed upon an immovable for the benefit of another immovable belonging to a
different owner.

a. Nuisances

b. Easement

c. Quasi-delict

d. Negligence
1. The Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 protects

a. The forest for Indigenous people because it is their resources.

b. The ancestral domain of the indigenous people.

c. The development of livelihood of indigenous people

d. All of the choices

1. The primarily apply to the abatement and control of pollution from land-based sources.

a. The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

b. The Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990

c. The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004

d. The Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System

1. The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 punishes the following violation, except

a. groundwater pollution

b. chemical dumping

c. hazardous and toxic chemicals

d. illegal discharge
1. What law applicable if the violation is related to hazardous and toxic wastes and chemicals?

a. Green laws

b. Blue Laws

c. Brown laws

d. Black laws
1. Which of the following is not covered by Brown Laws?

a. hazardous and toxic wastes and chemicals

b. solid waste management

c. rules on the conduct of environmental impact assessments

d. formulate a holistic national program of air pollution

1. Nitro factory spewing out smoke with foul odors. What law violated by the company?

a. The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

b. The Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990

c. The Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004

d. The Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System

1. The following are ways determines if there is violation of Clean Air Act, except

a. The smell of the smoke coming out

b. Fall back on the standards set under rules and regulation

c. The report of concern citizen about the adverse effects of smoke

d. Through emission testing

1. What is not included in the problem encountered in the implementation of Clean Air Act?

a. Lack of enforcers and inspectors

b. Emission testing is marred with red tape and corruption

c. Technical analysis needs to be done if there is violation

d. Violations are mostly committed in remote areas

1. The following are punishable acts under the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004, except

a. groundwater pollution

b. chemical dumping

c. illegal discharge

d. emission of hazardous substances

•
1. Which is not included on the declared policies of Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000?

a. Ensure the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment.

b. Disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of the best environmental practice.

c. The pursuit of a comprehensive and integrated environmental protection program.

d. Retain primary enforcement and responsibility of solid waste management with LGUs.
1. Who among the following has the primary responsibility for the enforcement of Ecological Solid Waste
Management?

a. Department of Environment and Natural Resources

b. Local Government Units

c. Forestry Management Unit

d. Environmental Management Bureau

1. Which of the following is act not included in violation of Ecological Solid Waste Management?

a. Littering

b. open burning of solid waste

c. dumping in flood prone areas

d. hazardous waste
1. Which is not correct about the enforcement of Ecological Solid Waste Management?

a. Open dumpsites and landfills are common sites in ecological solid waste.

b. In some community, garbage collection and disposal are poor.

c. Dumpsites are not illegal.

d. Lack of political will also hampers the enforcement

1. Which of the following is legal under Ecological Solid Waste Management?

a. Dumpsites

b. Open Dump

c. Sanitary landfill

d. Landfills
1. The following are the principle introduce by The Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System,
except

a. Sustainable development and system-oriented approach

b. Integrated approach to ensure a rational balance between socioeconomic development and environmental
protection for the benefit

c. Principle of command responsibility among concern authorities

d. Enhance planning and guide decision making

1. If you are enforcing the provision of The Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System, what you are
going to look for?

a. The company procedures relative to environment protection.

b. The terms and conditions of the EIS and ECC.

c. The company compliance report.

d. All of the choices

1. The following are the problems encountered in the enforcement of The Philippine Environmental Impact
Statement System, except

a. Technical and voluminous document

b. Need the assistance of technical people to understand and interpret the documents

c. Time constraint and lack of resources

d. Personnel do not have the political will to implement

1. The law created the The Environmental Management Bureau.

a. Executive Order no. 129

b. Executive Order no. 192

c. Executive Order no. 291

d. Executive Order no. 119

1. Which is not a case covered by the Environmental Management Bureau, except

a. Prosecution of violators; imposition of fines and penalties

b. Non-compliance with solid waste management act

c. Identification of environmental area need to be preserved

d. Evaluation of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS)

1. In the adjudication of cases involving pollution, what administrative agency has jurisdiction?

a. Department of Environment and Natural Resources

b. Pollution Adjudication Board

c. Environmental Adjudication Board

d. Environmental Management Bureau

1. Which of the following is not included in the implementation of Green Laws?

a. Utilization and development of forests

b. Other land-based natural resources, and wildlife

c. Forests as their habitat

d. Oceans and other water resources

1. What environmental is considered the most violated law yet not much has been done to control violation?

a. Water code of the Philippines

b. Ecological waste management act

c. Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines

d. Toxic and hazardous waste management law

1. The law complements the Forestry Code and serves to curb illegal logging by regulating the use and
possession of a chain saw.

a. Republic Act no. 9775

b. Republic Act no. 9175

c. Republic Act no. 9751

d. Republic Act no. 9157

1. What act committed of cutting, gathering, or collecting timber or other forest products without the necessary
permit from the government?

a. Large-scale mining

b. Illegal Logging

c. Transporting logs and other timber products

d. Small-scale mining
1. What is not the problem encountered by environmental personnel in the enforcement of Revised Forestry
Law?

a. Violators have been known cutting, gathering, or collecting timber or other forest products without the
necessary permit from the government.

b. Hard to catch the perpetrators in the forest

c. Without cooperation among residence living near the forest

d. Persons transporting and not those who illegally cut the trees are held liable
1. Who among the following seldom violated the provision of Unlawful occupation or destruction of forest and
grazing lands?

a. Tourist adventurers

b. Kaingeros

c. Slash-and -burn farmers

d. Mining company
1. The use of chain saw is allowed in the following except

a. orchard and fruit tree farmer;

b. industrial tree farmer

c. licensed wood processor and the chain saw shall be used for the cutting of timber that has been legally sold
to said applicant

d. the cutting of trees without permit

1. The law covers all wildlife species found in all areas of the country, including protected areas and critical
habitats.

a. RA no. 9747

b. RA no. 9147

c. RA no. 9741

d. RA no. 9471
1. The following are the three primary agencies of the government tasked to enforce the Wildlife Conservation
Act except

a. Department of Environment and Natural Resources

b. Department of Agriculture

c. Environment Management Board

d. Palawan Council for Sustainable Development

1. The Wildlife Conservation Act is applicable whether the specie is endangered or not. The statement is

a. False

b. True

c. Probably True

d. Maybe False
1. In the following situation, the Wildlife conservation Act did not apply except

a. religious ritual

b. the animal is afflicted with an incurable communicable disease

c. done to prevent imminent danger to the life or limb of a human being

d. Killing and destroying wildlife species

1. The term is a violation of wildlife conservation act which means the illegal hunting of wild animals.

a. Poaching

b. Hunting

c. Crippling

d. Paralyzing
1. Which of the following is not correct about the enforcement of Wildlife Conservation Act?

a. Poachers who fail to kill the animal can be held liable for injuring or crippling the same

b. There is a long list of protected and endangered species, and the Philippines has consistently ranked high
among the list of countries.

c. This violation is often committed by poachers, both on land and at sea.

d. Kaingeros are mostly responsible for violation for Wildlife Conservation Act.
1. What is the best way in apprehending violators committing trading, collecting, hunting or possessing
wildlife species?

a. Visit underground black market

b. Entrapment and buy-bust operation

c. Intelligence information gathering

d. All of the choices

1. This is committed when wildlife species are transported without the necessary permits, papers, and
documentation from the DENR.

a. Trading of wildlife species

b. Transporting of wildlife species

c. Selling of wildlife species

d. Importing of wildlife species

1. The following are the problems encountered in the enforcement of violation of wildlife species except

a. Poor law enforcement and the lack of human financial resources.

b. The presence of corrupt officials who issue fake and fabricated permits and documents.

c. Violation is often committed by a moving target; hence enforcers have a difficult time detecting and
apprehending the violators.

d. There is a need of amending the law providing more stiffer punishment for those who violated.
1. The National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act was enacted into law for the following
purpose, except

a. To designate spaces and areas in the country solely as places where wildlife, flora, and fauna can grow

b. To include all other forms of land use and utilization

c. To preserve the area with rich biodiversity of the ecosystem

d. There is a need to reserve certain areas exclusively for the environment.

1. What agency of the government is authorized to issue permit with respect to reserve areas under NIPAS
Act?

a. Department of Environment and Natural Resources

b. Protected Area Management Board

c. Mines and Geosciences Bureau

d. Forest Management Bureau

1. What law primarily governs the large-scale mining?

a. Republic Act No. 9175

b. Republic Act No. 7942

c. Republic Act No.9742

d. Republic Act No.4972

1. The following primary agencies that are responsible for supervision of small mining scale except

a. Department of Environment and Natural Resources

b. Local Government Units

c. Forest Management Bureau

d. Provincial/City Mining Regulatory Boards

1. Which of the following is not the cases under the authority of Forest Management Bureau?

a. All violations of forestry laws

b. Foresters’ assistance to other law enforcers at checkpoints and during operations.

c. Assist in the monitoring and evaluation of land surveys, management and disposition of lands to ensure
efficiency and effectiveness

d. Inspection of factories, warehouses, storage facilities, etc.

1. What agency primarily tasked with matters relating to the rational classification, management, and
disposition of lands?

a. Land Management Bureau

b. Department of Environment and Natural Resources

c. Forest Management Bureau

d. Mines and Geosciences Bureau

1. Agency of the government primarily tasked to handle matters relating to the protection and conservation of
wildlife and natural reserves and other protected areas.

a. Department of Environment and Natural Resources

b. The Parks and Wildlife Bureau

c. Land Management Bureau

d. Mines and Geosciences Bureau

1. Primary agency of the government which handles matters pertaining to geology and mineral resources
exploration, development, and conservation. It has the following significant tasks and functions.

a. Land Management Bureau

b. Department of Environment and Natural Resources

c. Forest Management Bureau

d. Mines and Geosciences Bureau

1. The following are the mandates of the National Bureau of Investigation–Environmental and Wildlife
Protection Investigation Division (NBI-EWPID) except

a. Protect the environment and wildlife towards maintaining an ecological balance

b. Recognizes the fact that nature and all life forms should harmoniously co-exist

c. Recognize as the primary agency of the government in enforcing environmental laws

d. To enforce national environmental laws and apprehend and prosecute individuals, groups or entities
who violate
1. The following are cases covered by Mine and Geosciences Bureau except

a. Identification of types of hazardous chemicals

b. Issuance of permits for exploration and mining operations

c. On-site inspections to ensure compliance with the law

d. Violations such as illegal mining and quarrying operations

1. Which is not the cases covered by Land Management Bureau?

a. Identification of illegal settlers on public lands such as foreshore lands.

b. Verification of proofs of ownership such as free and special patents.

c. Conduct and verify the necessary land surveys

d. Protection of those identified reserved area for wildlife habitat.

1. The law seeks to manage the country’s fishery and aquatic resources in a manner consistent with an
integrated coastal area management.
a. Republic Act No. 8550
b. Republic Act No. 8951
c. Republic Act No. 8551
d. Republic Act no. 8050
1. It is known as fishing with gear or method that destroys coral reefs and other marine habitats.
a. Illegal fish pens
b. Muro-ami
c. Trawling
d. Use of super light
1. This violation has been defined in RA No. 8550 as the introduction by human or machine, directly or
indirectly, of substances or energy to the aquatic environment.
a. Aquatic pollution
b. Illegal fishing
c. Selling of marine produces
d. All of the choices
1. Who are authorized to issue permit for the fish pens operations?
a. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
b. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
c. Local Government Units
d. Pollution Adjudication Board
1. It is the primary law enforcement agency when it comes to maritime related-matters.
a. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
b. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
c. Local Government Units
d. Philippine Coast Guard
1. A National Operational Support Unit of the Philippine National Police mandated
to perform all police functions over Philippine Waters.
a. Philippine Coast Guard
b. PNP-Maritime Group
c. BFAR
d. DENR
1. A group of Chinese fishermen caught by authorities fishing inside the territorial waters of the Philippines.
Chinese fishermen are committing
a. Fishing through illegal means
b. Poaching
c. Fishing in prohibited and restricted areas
d. Illegal gathering, possessing, catching, and selling of certain marine species
1. The following are immediate ways of determining if poaching is committed by the fishermen except
a. Check the flag registry of the ship
b. Presence of foreign crew in the vessel used by foreign fishermen.
c. Confirm the registration of foreign vessel to Department of Foreign Affairs
d. Presence of foreign fishermen vessel inside our territory indicates violation
1. What is the main problem in the implementation of catching poachers?
a. Archipelagic nature of the Philippines
b. Lack of resources
c. Lack of enforcement personnel
d. All of the choices
1. What is the deception method used by poachers?
a. They disguise to look like a Filipino.
b. Flying Philippine flag instead of the country of registry.
c. They falsify their papers
d. They use bribe money for law enforcement officers
1. The following are acts of fishing through illegal means except
a. use or possession of explosives
b. use of poisonous substances
c. use of active fishing gear
d. use of light in fishing
1. What is the effective way of catching violators of fishing through illegal means?
a. Ask the nearby residence living in the coastline
b. Caught them in the act of fishing using illegal means
c. Immediate filing of the complaints against violators
d. All of the choices
1. The following are the problems encountered by enforcers if the violation is Fishing through illegal means
except
a. Lack of adequate capabilities of law enforces
b. Archipelagic nature of the country
c. Requirement that violator must be caught in the act
d. Some authority has been bribe
1. Which of the following is the violation of Fishing in prohibited and restricted areas?
a. violation of catch ceilings
b. construction of illegal fish pens
c. Fishing without permit from LGU
d. All of the choices
1. Who are the usual violators of Fishing in prohibited and restricted areas?
a. Small fishing trawlers
b. Poachers
c. Operator of illegal fish pens
d. Fishermen without permit
1. Who among the following is authorized to declare if the area is overexploited in fishing?
a. Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
b. Department of Environment and Natural Resources
c. Local Government Units
d. Pollution Adjudication Board
1. In Fishing in prohibited and restricted areas, who are usually caught by authorities?
a. Commercial fishing who usually fish in the prohibited area
b. Big Fishing operators
c. Small fisherfolk
1. What is violation committed if the enforcers caught the person gathering, selling, or exporting white sand,
silica, pebbles, and other substances of the marine habitat?
a. Illegal importation of marine products
b. Illegal gathering, possessing, catching, and selling of certain marine species
c. Construction and operation of fish pens without a license/permit
d. Fishing in prohibited and restricted areas
1. Construction and operation of fish pens without a license/permit is prohibited because
a. It can directly or indirectly cause pollution of waterways.
b. It causes siltation and flooding
c. The natural flow of the rivers and other bodies of water needs to be maintained
d. All of the choices
1. Which of the following is not correct about fish pens operations?
a. Fish pens operation can be found in major lakes and rivers.
b. Lack of political will to go against the violators aggravates the situation.
c. The law provides the limitations and maximum limits of fish pens.
d. There are no required designs and make of fish pens.
1. Which of the following is correct about Laguna Lake Development Authority?
a. It is a quasi-judicial body promotes for the development of the bay.
b. The LLDA has jurisdiction and authority over the enforcement of environmental laws, rules, and
regulations.
c. It has the authority to issue permits and clearance in all operations inside the bay.
d. There are no conflicting decisions about LLDA, local government and national government.
1. Which of the following is not correct about Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources?
a. The government agency responsible for the development, and conservation of the country’s fisheries and
aquatic resources.
b. The BFAR is the lead agency in terms of enforcement of fisheries laws inside and outside of the municipal
waters.
c. The bureau is under the Department of Agriculture.
d. It can issue licenses for the operation of commercial fishing vessels
1. The following are the cases covered by BFAR except
a. Identification of fish and other marine species.
b. Conduct of technical and scientific tests on marine species and products.
c. Violations of poaching, illegal fishing, illegal fish pens and structures, dumping or spilling of toxic and
hazardous wastes in marine areas.
d. Promote safety of life and property at sea
1. Which is not the case covered by Philippine Coast Guard?
a. Enforcement of maritime safety and security laws
b. Conduct of on-ship inspections, confiscation of contraband
c. Evidence gathering and preparation of complaints.
d. Maritime enforcement in municipal waters
1. Which is not the case covered by PNP-Maritime Group?

a. Violations of poaching, illegal fishing, illegal fish pens and structures, dumping
b. Arrest of violators
c. evidence gathering and preparation of complaints for filing.
d. Maritime law enforcement primarily outside of municipal waters
1. The following are the focus in case build up in environmental violations except
a. Gathering the needed evidence
b. Choosing the proper forum
c. The cooperation of the community
d. The amounts of damages to be recovered
1. Which of the following is not correct about case build-up and procedures?
a. The lack of evidence is always the problem arises in filing complaints against the violators.
b. Citizens should take the lead in identifying violations and helping law enforcers
c. Citizens can simply rely on law enforcers and government agencies
d. Identifying the proper court that has jurisdiction over the case
1.What is the first step in building your case against
environmental violators?
a.Locate witnesses
b.Gather evidence
c.Identify the law violated
d.Obtain affidavits
1. The following are the evidence for illegal logging except
a. Actual cut logs
b. Certification that no permit
c. Affidavit from witnesses
d. Apprehension report
1. Which of the following is the best way of obtaining evidence in trading wildlife?
a. Entrapment operation
b. Locating witnesses
c. Obtain Affidavits
d. Getting certification
1. Which is not the evidence needed in fishing through illegal means?
a. Fish samples
b. Results of fish examination by BFAR
c. Apprehension reports
d. Testimony of forensic expert
1. The following are the tips to consider in gathering of evidence except
a. Do the general search of the area
b. Divide the large outdoor area into four-feet wide strips
c. Take extra precaution in handling fragile evidence
d. Chain of custody is no applicable
1. Complaints for violations of environmental laws have to be filed in the proper forum or court in
order to result in a conviction, otherwise, these cases will simply be dismissed on a technicality.
The proper court or forum means
a. Court with vested jurisdiction under the law
b. Court with authority to hear and decide the case
c. Court in a proper venue
d. All of the choices
1. Which of the following is not correct about quasi-judicial body?
a. An organ of government, other than a court or legislature.
b. The decision of quasi-judicial body is final and executory.
c. Administrative bodies or agencies act like courts by hearing cases
d. It is not following the rule of evidence

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1. Complaints filed with the DENR regional offices and with the Provincial and City Environment
and Natural Resources Officers (PENRO and CENRO) shall be brought before
a. Pollution Adjudication Board
b. Regional Trial Courts
c. Mining Adjudication Board
d. Laguna Lake Development Authority
1. The following are the authority of Pollution Adjudication Board except
a. Impose fines and penalties
b. order execution of its judgment and decisions
c. cite persons for direct or indirect contempt
d. provides penalty of imprisonment
1. Which of the following has the authority to decide and hear conflicting interest
about ancestral lands?
a. Land Registration Authority
b. Register of Deeds
c. National Commission on Indigenous People
d. Regional Trial Court
1. Which is not correct about IPRA Law?
a. It gives the IPs priority rights in the harvesting, extraction, development or
exploitation of any natural resources within the ancestral domains.
b. It provides protection to indigenous people about their rights.
c. It is not environmental law
d. It imposes the requirement upon project proponents before utilization
1. What is the requirement needed for the utilization of resources belonging to
Indigenous People?
a. Free Prior and Informed Consent
b. Permit from NCIP
c. Informed Consent from NCIP
d. All of the choices
1. A method which speeds up the disposition of cases and reduces the total costs of
litigation.
a. Judicial dispute resolution
b. Court-annexed mediation
c. Barangay Justice System
d. Alternative dispute resolution
1. These refer to causes resulting from human activities or produced by human beings.
a. Greenhouse effect
b. Anthropogenic causes
c. Climate variability
d. Climate risk
1. It refers to the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s near-surface air and oceans that is
associated with the increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
a. Adaptive variability
b. Global warming
c. Greenhouse gases
d. Mainstreaming
1. The process by which the absorption of infrared radiation by the atmosphere warms the Earth.
a. Greenhouse effect
b. Greenhouse gases
c. Global Warming
d. Climate change
1. How many years the terms of office of the sectoral representative of the Climate Change Commission?
a. 4 years
b. 6 years
c. 8 years
d. 10 years
1. Who among the following is the head of Climate Change Office?
a. Chairperson
b. Vice-Chairperson
c. Any of the commissioners
d. Secretary of DENR
1. What principle is applicable that will guide decision-making in climate risk management?
a. Hyogo Framework for Action
b. Precautionary Principle
c. Principle of Development
d. Greenhouse Effect
1. Which of the following is not correct about Climate Change Commission?
a. The commission have the same status as that of a national government agency.
b. The Commission shall be the sole policy-making body of the government relating to climate change.
c. The Commission shall be organized within sixty (60) days from the effectivity of this Act.
d. The Vice-President of the Philippines is the chairperson of the commission.
1. Framework Strategy on Climate Change is based on the following except
a. Climate change vulnerabilities
b. Specific adaptation needs
c. People living in the localities
d. Mitigation potential
1. Which of the following is correct about special remedies in environmental cases?
a. To protect and advance the constitutional right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology are the
basis of special remedies.
b. Environmental remedies are peculiar
c. The remedies are available only for government entities and agencies
d. Environmental remedies are recent dealing environmental cases
1. Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation is an environmental remedy for
a. Government entity
b. Non-government individuals
c. Government-owned and controlled corporations
d. All of the choices
1. Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation is a based on
a. Decisions of the Supreme Court involving environmental cases
b. Philippine Constitution
c. American Constitution
d. Laws promulgated by Congress
1. How many days the investigating prosecutor have to determine if the action filed is to harass and vex the
respondent?
a. 15 days
b. 30 days
c. 40 days
d. 60 days
1. The remedy of Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation is applicable in the following except
a. public officers who are sued for acts committed in their official capacity
b. there being no grave abuse of authority
c. done in the course of enforcing this act
d. acts committed by public officials through negligence
1. Which of the following is not a form of Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation remedy?
a. Legal action or claim
b. Permissive counterclaim
c. Counterclaim
d. Cross-claim
1. Which of the following is ground of Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation?
a. Grave abuse of discretion
b. Lack of jurisdiction of the court or administrative agency
c. There is intent to harass, vex or exert undue pressure
d. All of the choices
1. Which of the following cannot be used Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation as a defense in
environmental cases?
a. Enforcement of environmental laws
b. Protection of the environment
c. Assertion of environmental rights
d. When the court exercises grave abuse of discretion in their decision.
1. What is the first step to defeat Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation?
a. File a motion to dismiss
b. File an answer interposes a defense
c. Question the jurisdiction of the court
d. All of the choices
1. An answer in Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation contains the following except
a. Supporting documents and affidavits
b. Evidence establishing that the case filed is a SLAPP suit
c. It contains an allegation that the court ha no jurisdiction over the case
d. Prayer for damages, attorney’s fees, and costs of suit, by way of counterclaim
1. In Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation remedy, how many days the other party is allowed to file
his opposition?
a. 5 days
b. 10 days
c. 15 days
d. 30 days
1. How many days the court will set the defense of SLAPP for summary hearing?
a. 5 days
b. 10 days
c. 15 days
d. 30 days
1. Which of the following is not correct about SLAPP as remedy?
a. There is no difference in the procedure of using the special remedy of SLAPP in criminal cases and in civil
cases.
b. The accused in a SLAPP must file a motion to dismiss based on the ground that the criminal action is a
SLAPP,
c. A summary hearing shall be set by the court to resolve the motion to dismiss
d. The required degree of evidence shall be the same as that in a summary hearing for the defense of SLAPP in
a civil case.
1. What is not the ground for the court to grant motion to dismiss?
a. That the SLAPP is criminal case
b. It has been filed with intent to harass, vex, exert undue pressure.
c. There court has no jurisdiction over the case
d. It is to be taken to enforce environmental laws, protect the environment, or to assert environmental rights
1. Writ of Kalikasan is based on the following principles except
a. The right to a healthful environment
b. Human beings are at the center of concerns for sustainable development.
c. Healthy and productive life in harmony with nature
d. Sustainable development principle
1. Which of the following is not correct about writ of kalikasan?
a. It may be issued depending on the magnitude of the environmental damage.
b. The environmental damage must be one which prejudices the life, health or property of inhabitants of at
least one city or province.
c. It is also a remedy which enforces the right to information by compelling the government or a private entity
to produce information.
d. The violation transcends political and territorial boundaries
1. Who may not avail writ of kalikasan?
a. Natural or juridical persons
b. Entities authorized by law
c. People’s organizations
d. Government agencies
1. If you are the petitioner of writ of Kalikasan, where you are going to file the petition?
a. Regional Trial Court
b. Municipal Trial Court
c. Sandiganbayan
d. Supreme Court
1. Which of the following is not correct about the procedure of writ of kalikasan?
a. The filing of a petition for the writ does not preclude the filing of separate civil, criminal or administrative
actions.
b. The petitioner needs to pay docket fees in filing the petition for writ of kalikasan.
c. The petitioner shall file his application for a Writ of Kalikasan with the proper tribunal.
d. The filing fees shall be imputed from the award of damages that may be given to the complainant in the
judgment.
1. This is one of the contents in the of petition of writ of kalikasan, stating that there is no case pending in
other courts or tribunal involving the same case or issue?
a. Temporary Protection Order
b. Environment Protection Order
c. Certification against forum shopping
d. Verified complaint against the respondent
1. What is not the purpose of preliminary conference in writ of kalikasan?
a. simplify the issues
b. obtain stipulations or admissions from the parties
c. set the petition for hearing
d. presentation of the evidence of both parties

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1. How many days the hearing including preliminary conference in writ of kalikasan?
a. 30 days
b. 60 days
c. 90 days
d. 180 days
1. A writ issued by a court in an environmental case directing any agency or instrumentality of the
government, or officer thereof to perform an act or series of acts decreed by final judgment which shall
remain effective until judgment is fully satisfied.
a. Writ of kalikasan
b. Writ of preliminary injunction
c. Writ of Continuing mandamus
d. Temporary Environmental Protection Order
1. What is the ground for writ of continuing mandamus?
a. The court exercises grave abuse of discretion in their decision
b. The court has no jurisdiction over the case
c. Unlawfully omits to perform a duty specifically enjoined by law
d. The court exercises it duty beyond limitation
1. Who is allowed to file writ of continuing mandamus?
a. Public officer
b. Government agencies
c. Any person aggrieved
d. Government owned and controlled corporation
1. The writ of continuing mandamus is allowed to file against the following except
a. Against any agency or instrumentality of the Government
b. Any public officer
c. Government owned and controlled corporation
d. Private individual
1. Which court that has jurisdiction over writ of continuing mandamus?
a. Supreme Court
b. Court of Appeals
c. Regional Trial Courts
d. All of the choices
1. In case the court granted the writ of continuing mandamus, how many days the respondent have to make
comments on the petition?
a. 10 days
b. 15 days
c. 25 days
d. 30 days
1. What is the purpose for issuing the Temporary Environmental Protection Order?
a. The court has no jurisdiction over the case
b. There is another action pending in other courts
c. To expedite the proceedings
d. There is a grave abuse of discretion
1. What is the legal effect if the court grants the petition for writ of continuing mandamus?
a. Required the respondent to pay the damages
b. To stop its business operation and pay the fine
c. Required to perform an act or series of acts and to satisfy other reliefs as may be warranted
d. All of the choices
1. This order is to respond to the peculiar nature of an environmental case which often necessitates immediate
action in order to avoid further environmental damage, or to prevent an imminent environmental threat.
a. Writ of Kalikasan
b. Writ of continuing mandamus
c. Environment Protection Order
d. Petition for injunction
1. Which is not correct about the issuance of Temporary Environmental Protection Order?
a. The TEPO is a remedy available for both civil and criminal environmental cases.
b. The procedure shall apply to both civil and criminal cases.
c. The TEPO may also be availed of under the Writ of Kalikasan and the Writ of Continuing Mandamus.
d. It is available remedy if the court committed grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack of jurisdiction.
1. When TEPO can be availed of?
a. There are irreparable damages sustain by the party.
b. There is abuse of discretion to the authority
c. There is extreme urgency
d. All of the choices
1. How many hours the effectivity of the TEPO?
a. 72 hours
b. 24 hours
c. 36 hours
d. 120 hours
1. Which of the following is not correct?
a. No bond shall be required for the issuance of TEPO.
b. TEPO may be issued ex parte
c. The issuance of TEPO ex parte violates due process of law
d. The court shall also periodically monitor whether the acts which warranted the TEPO still exists.
1. Where the required report be filed about the progress of TEPO?
a. Supreme Court
b. Office of the Court Administrator
c. Clerk of court of the Supreme Court
d. All of the choices
1. An order granted at any stage of an action or proceeding prior to the judgment or final order, requiring a
party or a court, agency or a person to refrain from a particular act or acts
a. Preliminary injunction
b. Preliminary mandatory injunction
c. Writ of Continuing mandamus
d. Writ of Kalikasan
1. Which is not the ground for the issuance of preliminary injunction?
a. The applicant is entitled to the relief demanded
b. The act or acts complained of during the litigation would probably work injustice to the applicant
c. The court act in excess of their jurisdiction or lack of jurisdiction.
d. Some act or acts probably in violation of the rights of the applicant respecting the subject of the action.
1. Which court has jurisdiction to issue preliminary injunction?
a. Supreme court
b. Court of appeals
c. Court where the case is pending
d. All of the choices
1. The application for the issuance of a Preliminary Injunction or Temporary Restraining Order (TRO) must
meet the following requirements except
a. The application must state the facts which entitle the applicant to the relief demanded
b. The application must be accompanied by a bond, in the amount fixed by the court to answer for any and all
damages.
c. The application must be verified.
d. There is attachment of direct evidence about the violation.
1. Service of summons is mandatory however it is not required in the following except
a. The summons could not be served personally or by substituted service despite diligent efforts.
b. The adverse party is a Philippine resident temporarily absent therefrom.
c. The adverse party is a non-resident.
d. The adverse party can be located anywhere in the Philippines
1. Which of the following is not correct about the procedure in the issuance of Preliminary injunction?
a. The requirement of hearing and prior notice to the adverse party is indispensable.
b. The court to which the application for preliminary injunction was made, may issue ex parte a temporary
restraining order to be effective only for a period of thirty (30) days from service on the party.
c. The executive judge of a multiple-sala court, or a presiding judge of a single-sala court may also issue ex
parte a TRO effective for seventy-two (72) hours.
d. The TRO shall be deemed automatically vacated when the application for injunction is not resolved within
the prescribed periods
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