MANAGEMENT OF CONTAGIOUS

DISEASE IN DENTAL OPD

DR.SYEDA MARIAM BADAR

BDS,RDS, C-ORTHO, MCPS
 CONTAGIOUS DISEASES:
 Diseases that are spread from one person to other.

 Diseases that are ‘ catching’

 Diseases that are caused by germs or pathogens

 TYPES OF COMMUNICABLE
DISEASE:
 Depending upon sources:
1. Respiratory infections:
 Tuberculosis etc

2. Intestinal infection:
 Hepatitis etc

3. Arthropod borne infection:

 Plague etc

4. Surface infections:
 Leprosy etc

5. sexually transmitted diseases:

 AIDS etc
 MODES OF DISEASE
TRANSMISSION:
 Direct contact with blood or body fluids
 Indirect contact with a contaminated instrument
or surface
 Contact of bacteria through eyes, nose or mouth
with droplets or splatter
 Inhalation of airborne microorganisms.
 Prevention from transmission of
diseases:
 The most effective ways to prevent the
transmission of disease includes:

 Hand washing
 Gloves
 Face masks
 Protective eyewear
 Protective clothing
 Instrument sterilization and disinfection
 Diseases Transmission in Dental
Office
 The dental office should have an infection control
program to prevent the transmission of disease
from the following
 Patient to dental team
 Dental team to patient
 Patient to patient
 Dental office to community ( include dental
team’s family )
 Community to dental office to patient
 To prevent such infections, following is a list of
all those procedures and precautions that together
constitute infection control.
 These guidelines should be followed each time
treatment is performed because we are never
certain of the patient's status, either because they
themselves do not know or because they have
chosen not to inform their healthcare providers of
their condition. •Following these guidelines for
every patient is called "Standard Precautions"
 Standard precaution
1. Immunization
2. Patient screening
3. Hand washing
4. Barrier techniques –
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Rubber dam, Pre-procedural rinsing
5. Needle & sharp instrument safety
• Occupational Exposure To Blood/Body Fluids
6.Instruments sterilization and disinfection
7.Surface disinfection
8. Radiographic asepsis
9. Laboratory asepsis
10.Infectious dental waste management & disposal Standard Precautions
 Personal protective equipment
( PPE )
 OSHA requires the employer to provide
employees with appropriate personal protective
equipment . •Examples of PPE:
 1- Protective clothing
 2- Surgical masks
 3- Face shields
 4- Protective eyewear
 5- Disposable patient treatment gloves
 6- Heavy-duty utility gloves
 These PPE must be used whenever you : 
Performing tasks that could produce splash or
spatter .
  Any contact with body fluids
  Perform other clinical activities that require
handling contaminated items e.g. radiographs ,
impressions , dentures or contaminated
equipment and surfaces .
 HAND HYGIENE
 Hand washing is the single most important
procedure for preventing the spread of infection.
So , you must wash your hands each time before
you put on gloves and immediately after you
remove gloves .
 Hand washing is also required if you touch
contaminated instruments or surfaces during working
 We should always use liquid soap during hand
washing
 Bar soap should never be used because it may
transmit contamination.
 Transfer of microorganisms from contaminated
environmental surfaces to patients occurs primarily
through personnel hand contact
 A. Infection Control During the
Pretreatment Period
 The process of infection control begins during
the period of preparation for clinical treatment.
 Paying attention to infection control at this time
has several payoffs.
1. Remove unnecessary items from the dental procedure area :
The dental procedure area should be arranged to facilitate a thorough
cleaning following each patient.

2. Preplan the materials needed during treatment.

Set out all instruments, medications, impression materials, and other
items that are needed for a procedure. - Thinking ahead minimizes the
need to search for additional items or to enter cabinets and drawers
once gloves have become contaminated.

3. Utilize disposable items whenever possible: The use of disposable

items saves time during cleanup and decontamination and solves the
problem of proper reprocessing.
4. Use prearranged tray set-ups for routine or
frequently performed procedures. –Helps to
eliminate the need to go into cabinets once you
have started a procedure.
5.Use individualized, sterilized bur blocks for each
procedure • Using individualized bur blocks
containing only the burs required for that
procedure helps to eliminate the contamination of
other, unneeded burs and to make clean-up easier.
6. If indicated, have the rubber dam setup on the tray. When a rubber
dam will be used during a clinical procedure, it also should be
included on the tray setup. In addition, include those items needed
for high-velocity evacuation.

7. Identify those items that will become contaminated during treatment.

• While preparing the dental procedure area prior to beginning a
clinical procedure, consider which items will become contaminated
during treatment. • Examples of such surfaces include countertops,
light handles, X-ray unit heads, tray tables etc. • Decide whether to
use a barrier, e.g., plastic wrap to prevent contamination of these
surfaces and items or to disinfect them when the procedure is
complete.
 Surface barriers :
 • Surface barriers are used to prevent
contamination on the surface underneath.
 • All the surface barriers should be resistant to
fluids in order to prevent microorganisms in
saliva, blood, and other liquids from soaking
through the barrier and reach the surface
underneath.
 8. Review patient records before initiating
treatment and place radiographs on the view box.
• Do not leave the record on the countertop or
handle it after beginning treatment. • Place the
record in a drawer or out of the dental procedure
area, so that it doesn’t become contaminated. •
Entries into the record should be done before and
after the procedure.
 9. Prepare personnel involved in patient care.
• An essential pretreatment procedure is the
preparation of all personnel involved in patient
care.
• This includes the utilization of personal protective
equipment (gown, eyewear, mask and gloves)
and hand hygiene.
 B. Infection Control during the treatment
Period (Chairside Infection Control ) :

 The infection control procedures described in the

previous period will help you to reduce the risk
of transmission of infectious agents. During
treatment there are additional precautions that
can be taken to further reduce infection risks.
 1. Use care when receiving, handling, or passing sharp
instruments

 2. Take special precautions with syringes and needles.

 3. Use a rubber dam whenever possible

 4. Avoid touching unprotected switches, handles and other

equipment once gloves have been contaminated.

 5. Avoid entering cabinets once gloves have been contaminated.

 Continue to wear personal protective equipment
during clean-up:

 After patient care is completed, begin the

cleaning and disinfection process by removing
contaminated gloves used during treatment, wash
your hands and use the utility gloves before
beginning the clean up. Continue to wear
protective eyewear, mask, and gown.
 C. Infection Control During the
Post- Treatment Period
 Remove all disposable barriers :
 All of the barriers placed before treatment,
including light handle covers and countertop
barriers, should be removed.
 Clean and disinfect all items not protected by
barriers.
 Cleaning and disinfection of the dental treatment
room surfaces are important components in an
effective infection control program
 The laboratory studies have proved that
microorganisms may survive on environmental
surfaces for long time . For example,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis may survive for
weeks
THANK YOU