Period of Philippine

Literature
I. Pre-SpanishPeriod
II.Spanish Period
III.American Period
IV.Japanese Period
V.Liberation or Postwar Period
Pre-Spanish Period
 • Early literature is
classified as oral and
written.
EarlyFilipino literature
represents ethnic
group heritage.
 Early literature is created by
ordinary folks to express
tradition, belief and custom of
those times. It handed down
from generation to generation.
 Folk literature has a religious or
sacred character. The ancient
Filipinos used ritualistic verses
like supplication, invocations,
and incantation.
 The ancient folks used
native syllabary and wrote
on fragile materials. They
also used pointed stick,
daggers, and irons as pens.
Songs and dances were
part of their religious and
social rituals.
  Mimetic dances often
accompanied the songs
and rituals and were
precursors of drama form.
 Riddles, proverbs, aphorism,
maxims, ballads, folk lyrics
myths, legends, fables, tales,
and epics were some of the
literary types during the period
Spanish Period
 • SpanishColonial
Tradition (1565-1863)
• Nationalistic
Period (1864-
1896)
1593- Dominicans put
out Doctrina Cristiana,
the first printed book.
• 1602- Fr. Francisco de
San Joseph, popularly
known as Blanca de San
Jose, introduced printing
by typography.
 1610 - Tomas Pinpin,
ladino or bilingual,
published his Spanish
grammar for the use of
the Tagalogs.
• 1887- Noli Me Tangere
(Touch Me Not) is
published. It expose
Spain’s abuse of the
Philippines as well as its
people.
1888- El Filibusterismo
(Subversion) is
published. It is dedicated
in memory of Gumborza.
 1893 - Zarzuela is
introduced
Antonio Luna published La
Independencia, a Spanish
revolutionary literature.
Characteristics of Spanish
Colonial Literature
1. Content: Christian Ideals
2. Form: Written in Spanish
and Tagalog
Types of Literature:
1.Pasyon- a Christian
narrative poem intended to
replace the epic poems of
the pagan.
2.Senakulo- a stage
plays on the passion
and death of Christ.
 3.Komedya- drew its plot from
medieval Spanish ballads;
exemplified the virtuous of
religious curiosity and steadfast
loyalty of the monarch.
Gasper Aquino de Belen:
Ang Mahal na Pasion ni
Jesu Cristong Panginoon
Natin.
 2 Types of Narrative
Poems

1.Awit
2.Korido
 Francisco Baltazar-
Florante at Laura
La Solidaridad- the
newspaper of the
propaganda movement.
2 Language used in Writing
1.Spanish- the language
of the elite and the early
Propagandistas.
2.Tagalog- the language
of the “masa” therefore it
shows nationalism.
Pedro Paderno:
Ninay- the 1 st

Filipino novel.
• Sampaguita- a collection of
Spanish poems that marked
the beginning of national
consciousness among the
Filipino intelligencia.
 JoseP. Rizal: Noli Me Tangere
(1 novel used social realism as a
st

literary concept).
ELFilibusterismo- offered a
wealth of political insight that
showed Rizal’s mind.
 Andres Bonifacio: the Supremo
of the Katipunan
 Marcelo H. del Pilar (Plaridel):
editor of La Solidaridad
 Emilio Jacinto: wrote LIWANAG
AT DILIM
American Period
 Periodof Apprenticeship
(1990-1930)
 Period of Emergence
(1920-1945)
 1900 - President William
McKinley issued a directive to
the Philippine Commission
making English the official
medium of instruction in public
schools.
 1898- Jose Palma wrote
“Filipinas”, a poem which
became the text of the
Philippine national Anthem
 1903 – Zarzuela, a musical
comedy, dominated the stage
1916 - Vaudeville is introduced in
stage; it features a lot of song and
dance number influenced by
American form of entertainment
1921 – the birth of
Philippine Novel in
English with Zolio
Galang’s “A Child of
Sorrow”
1925 – Dead Stars, 1st

short story in English by

Paz Marquez Benitez, is
published
 1932 – The Commonwealth
Literary Contest awarded
first prize to How My Brother
Leon Brought Home a Wife
by Manuel Arguilla
1937 – President Quezon
proclaimed Pilipino based
on the Tagalog dialect as
the National Language of
the Philippines.
 Severino Reyes: Walang Sugat
 Juan Abad: Tanikalang Ginto
 Aurelio Tolentino: Kahapon, Ngayon
at Bukas
 Patricio: Anak ng Dagat
 Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero: Anak ng
Dagat
Japanese Period
  Philippine Literature was
interrupted in its development
when we were again conquered
Japanese.
 Philippine literature in English
came to a halt.
 Except for the Tribune and the
Philippine Review, Pillars, Free
Philippines, and Filipina, almost
all newspapers in English were
stopped by the Japanese.
  Filipino literature was given
break during this period. Filipino
literature also experienced
renewed attention because
writers in English turned to
writing Filipino.
Three Types of Poems
1.Haiku- It is made up of seventeen
(17) syllables divided into three (3)
lines. The first line has five, the
second – seven and the third- five. It
is allegorical in meaning, touch of
nature, emotion and time.
2.Tanka- a short poem with thirty-
one syllables long. It is unrhymed
and has units of five, seven, five,
seven and seven syllables, which
traditionally printed as one
3.Tanaga- like haiku, it is short,
but has measure and rhyme.
Consisting of four lines with
seven syllables that is to say a
7-7-7-7 syllabic verse.
Liberation or Postwar
 1943-
Without Seeing the
Dawn, 1 postwar novel by
st

Stevan Javellana, is
published
  1950- Modern poetry in full
swing
 1954- Carlos Palanca Memorial
Award for literature includes
one- act play in English
1960 - PETA (Philippine
Educational Theatre
Association) is founded by
Cecille Guidote
1969- The coming of the
vocal playwrights based in
universities, plays in
streets, strikes and protest
march
1990- The collection and
study of regional literatures
has gained impetus in
contemporary times.
 Features of Contemporary
Literatures before the Declaration of
Martial Law:
 Literature was used as an
expression of defiant emotion
to urge for social reforms.
Philippine writing in the
vernacular became
popular.
 Throughliterary criticism,
the writers had the
opportunity to publish their
studies and literary forms.
September 21, 1972,
Pres. Ferdinand Marcos
proclaimed Martial Law
 Campus publications became
the venue for Tagalog writing
with themes of colonial
education, feudal institutions
and fascist administration in
their respective schools.
Literature became
political in form and
content.
 Literature after EDSA
(1986-1995)
 1986- People Power that
ousted Pres. Marcos and
established the presidency of
Corazon C. Aquino.
 Literary Events and
Features
1.Centers for creative
writing were established
Academic Institutions- universities where
Creative Writing is part of the curricular
offering and influence the writing of young
people: Diliman Review and The Literary
Apprentice (UP), Sands and Coral
(Siliman University), Heights and Pantas
(AdMU), Malate and Likha (DLSU), The
 Writer’s
Organization- sponsor
symposia on writing and/or set
up workshops for its members
and other interested parties:
UMPIL, KATHA, LIRA, LUDABI,
GAT and PLAC.
 2.Award giving bodies, annuals,
competitions and publications provide
the incentives for writers to keep
producing: Carlos Palanca Awards,
Surian, Komisyon ng Wikang
Pambansa, CCP, NCCA, GAPAS,
KAIBIGAN.
Philippine Literature is a statement of
ourselves as a people. Examine our literary
output and see a Filipino culture is a hybrid
of East and West that cuts across all
aspects of Filipino life manifested in the
language we speak and write, our custom
and traditions, our beliefs and aspiration.
(Vinuya, 2005)
Group Activity:
 The Spanish colonization showed us how our
fellow Filipinos fought for our freedom through
literature. Cut out a picture from a magazine and
newspaper that symbolizes your love for your
country. What does your picture symbolize? Give
five reasons why you chose the picture as your
symbol of your love for your country.