Safe Operation of Table Saw

NCMT
Machine

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NCMT

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 Construction Machinery
Table Saw Machine
Hazards:
– Cutting on contact with the blade.
– Entanglement with the drive motor.
NCMT
– Drawing in.
– Ejection of the workpiece during cutting.
– Electricity.
– Noise and vibration.
– Health hazard from inhalation of wood dust.

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 Wood Dust
• Inhalation hazard – causes irritation.
• May cause asthma.
• Some hardwoods can cause nasal cancer.

NCMT
Typical controls:
• LEV.
• Vacuuming rather than sweeping.
• RPE.
• Health surveillance.

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 Mechanical Hazards
Cutting or Severing

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Contact with moving sharp edges part of the

machine (Blade)
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 Mechanical Hazards
Entanglement

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Loose items as clothing / hair / jewellery get caught

on rotating part National Center For Management & Training
 Mechanical Hazards
Stabbing or Puncture

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Sharp parts of the machinery or the parts of the

material ejected – penetrate the body.
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 Why guard equipment?
 When operating machines, one way to reduce your risk
of injury is to ensure all safety guards are in place.

NCMT
 Some of the injuries associated with unguarded
equipment may include (but are not limited too):

 Crushed body parts

 Amputated body parts
 Blindness

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 What am I looking for?

 Chains
NCMT  Rollers
 Flywheels
 Blade exposure
 Any moving part that could cause bodily
injury

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 Typical guards and signs

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 PPE Requirements

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Face Shield Ear Plugs

Kick-back Safety Glasses

Apron

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 Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV)
A typical LEV system consist of :
1. Hood - draw
2. Duct – carry
3. A filter system - clean
NCMT 4. A fan - move
5. An exhaust - discharge

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 Injury Causes
 Inexperienced operator
 Improper training
NCMT
 Inadequate or missing guards
 Employee taking shortcuts / rushing
 Distracted operator
 Substance abuse

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 Flying Particles

Potential Hazard:
 The cutting action of the blade may throw wood chips,
NCMT splinters, and broken saw teeth.
Solution:
 Remove cracked saw blades from service.

Additional Safety Measures

 Maintain sharp blades.
 Safety Glasses and Faceshield.ield are
required
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 Easiest Injury Prevention from
Saws
 Avoid loose-fitting clothes
 Tie back long hair that might become
entangled in a power tool
NCMT
 Remove rings, watches, neck chains and other
jewelry

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 Lockout / Tagout
 Remove the energy source to the equipment
so the equipment will not start-up
accidentally.
NCMT  The table saw must be locked out:
 during lunch and at the end of each shift
 if the table-saw is not used consistently
throughout the day
 when changing the blade
 when maintenance is conducted on the saw

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NCMT

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NCMT

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NCMT

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 TABLE SAW SAFETY
[Guard removed for clarity. Guard should be on when cutting]

DO DON’T
DO have the blade about 1/8” above wood. DON’T have it a lot higher above wood.

NCMT

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 TABLE SAW SAFETY
[Guard removed for clarity. Guard should be on when cutting]

DO DON’T
DO push wood all the way passed the blade. DON’T stop until wood clears the blade.

NCMT

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 TABLE SAW SAFETY
[Guard removed for clarity. Guard should be on when cutting]

DO DON’T
DO ripping cuts using the fence. DON’T do “cross cuts” with fence.

NCMT

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 TABLE SAW SAFETY
[Guard removed for clarity. Guard should be on when cutting]

DO DON’T
DO use pusher for narrow cuts. DON’T push on wrong side of blade.

NCMT

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 TABLE SAW SAFETY
[Guard removed for clarity. Guard should be on when cutting]

DO DON’T
DO use other hand to hold rips to fence. DON’T let hand get to edge of blade.

NCMT

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 TABLE SAW SAFETY
[Guard removed for clarity. Guard should be on when cutting]

DO DON’T
DO cross cuts w/sliding table (preferable). DON’T do free hand cutting.

NCMT

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 Hazards and Controls for Table Saw Machine
Controls:
• Instructions:
‒ Manufacturer's instructions.
‒ In-house rules.
NCMT • Training and information, competence.
• Supervision.
• Routinely inspected.
• Repair unsafe equipment.
• Regular maintenance - by competent staff.

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 Machinery Safeguarding Methods

Types of machinery guards:

Fixed.
NCMT Interlocked.
Adjustable/self adjusting.

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 Fixed Guards
• Physical barrier.
• Completely prevent access to dangerous
parts of machinery.
NCMT
• Are fixed in place.
• Fence around the machine.
• Require a tool for removal.

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 Interlocked Guards
Guard open:
• Power to the machine is disabled when the guard is open
and it will not operate until the guard is in place.
• Stop the machine immediately when the guard is opened.
NCMT Guard closed:
• the guard is locked shut until the machine has returned to a
safe condition; or the act of opening the guard stops the
dangerous parts of the machinery and disables power.
• Examples :
- Microwave oven
- Lift.
- Washing machine. National Center For Management & Training
 Adjustable and Self-Adjusting Guards
Used when it is not possible to prevent
access to dangerous parts.
Adjustable guard:
• Set manually to a range of positions by
NCMT
the operator.
Self-adjusting guard:
• Usually spring-loaded to adjust itself
to the workpiece.
• Requires no adjustment by the
operator.
• Adjust automatically to fit the work
piece.
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NCMT
Risk of Electricity

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 The Hazards and Risks of Electricity
• Electric shock.
• Burns.
• Fires and explosion.
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• Arcing.
• Secondary effects.

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 The Hazards and Risks of Electricity

BE SAFE:

Burns
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Electrocution
Shock
Arc flash/arc blast
Fire
Explosions

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 Electric Shock
The severity of shock is influenced by:
Voltage Higher the voltage, greater the current

Duration Exposure time [60mA for 3msec = Severe

injury, 60mA for 2sec =VF]
Current path Route through the body
NCMT
Resistance Skin condition, clothing, etc.

Contact surface area More skin contact, more severe injury

Environmental factors Metal surfaces, humidity, wet surface etc.

Clothing and footwear Affects resistance and blocks/reduces current

flow
Frequency AC more harmful than DC at same shock
current (5 times)

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 Electrical Burns
Direct electrical burns:
• Current flowing through the body.
• Entry and exit point.
• Internal tissue burns.

NCMT Indirect electrical burns:

• An electrical accident causing something to overheat or
explode, e.g. dropping a spanner on to a high voltage
cable (flash radiant heat).

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 Electrical Fires and Explosions
Causes:
• Faulty electrical equipment overheating.
• Overloaded system.
• Overheating during charging.
NCMT • Equipment may be misused.
• Flammable atmosphere:
‒ With wrong type of equipment.
‒ Accidentally created (due to spillage).
• Electrical equipment producing heat or sparks in normal use.
• Poor internal electrical connections.

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 Arcing
Arc flash
Sudden release of electrical energy through air when a high-
voltage gap exists and there is a breakdown between
conductors gives off thermal radiation (heat) and bright,
intense light that can cause burns.
NCMT

Temperatures of an arc flash can reach as much as 2800 °C

to 19000 °C ( 5000 °F TO 35000 °F).

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 Arcing
Ability of electricity to ‘jump’ across an air gap:
• Usually involves high voltage, e.g. overhead power lines.

Main hazards:
NCMT • Electric shock.
• Direct burns from the arc.
• Indirect burns from the radiant heat.
• Damage to eyes from UV light.

Arc blast – high-voltage arcs can also produce considerable

pressure waves by rapidly heating the air and creating a blast.
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 Secondary Effects
 Injuries that results indirectly from receiving an
electric shock Eg:- Muscle contraction.

 Physical injury caused by an electrical incident, e.g.

NCMT falling off a ladder causing:
• Cuts.
• Bruises.
• Broken bones.

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 Fixed and Portable Electrical Equipment
Conditions and practices likely to lead to accidents:
• Use of unsuitable equipment.
• Using equipment in damp (slightly wet) conditions.
• Misuse (Insert bare wire in to socket).
NCMT
• Physical abuse [Pulling cord, carrying by cord].
• Improper repairs, e.g. taped-up joints.
• Use of faulty, defective equipment.
• Chemical/abrasion damage to the flex.
• Lack of inspection, testing or maintenance.

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 Protection of Conductors
• Insulated to prevent contact with live conductor:
‒ Cable coverings unbroken.
‒ Equipment casing intact.
• Inspect to ensure protection is in place.
NCMT
• Ensure electrical panels are locked.

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 Earthing
• In event of a electrical fault, it provides a safe path to
earth.
• Outer metal casing connected to earth by wire.
• Electric shock should be minor.
NCMT

Advantage – Protect the person from fatal electric shock.

Disadvantages – Easy to disconnect or disable.
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 Double Insulation
• Separating people from the conductor using two layers of
insulations.
• Live parts under fault conditions cannot be easily
touched.
• Often achieved by having two layers of insulation
NCMT between live conductors and any external metal surfaces.
• Called Class II equipment.
• No need for earth protection.
• Commonly used in portable electrical equipment's.

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 Work Near Overhead Power Lines
OBEY ALL SIGNS AND BARRIERS!

Signs, Symbols, Tags, and Barricades

are used to warn personnel of potential
NCMT
electrical hazards.

HIGH
VOLTAGE

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 Emergency Procedures Following an Electrical
Incident
• Don’t touch the casualty. - Start CPR if not breathing.
• Call for help and ambulance. • Treat burns.
• Turn off power supply. • Ensure medical help is
NCMT • If can’t switch off power, obtained.
isolate casualty from the
supply (wood or dry cloth).

• Check for breathing:

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 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

NCMT

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NCMT

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