*

* Strategic Marketing
*

Overview

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*
* Theories of Learning
*
* Learning - a relatively permanent change in
human capabilities that is not a result of
growth processes.

* Pedagogy: Child Learning Techniques

* Andragogy: Adult Learning Techniques

* Theory of Adult Learning

* Theory of Social Learning

2
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* ADULT LEARNING
* THEORY
*
FIVE ASSUMPTIONS
1.NEED TO KNOW WHY THEY ARE LEARNING
2.ADULTS NEED TO BE SELF DIRECTED
3.BRING MORE WORK RELATED EXPERIENCE
INTO THE LEARNING SITUATION
4.PROBLEM CENTERED APPROACH TO
LEARNING
5.MOTIVATED TO LEARN BY BOTH INTRINSIC
AND EXTRINSIC FACTORS

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*
* Social learning theory
*
* Social learning theory - emphasizes that
people learn by observing other persons
(models) whom they believe are credible and
knowledgeable.

* Learning new skills or behavior comes from:

* directly experiencing the consequences of using
a behavior or skill, or
* the process of observing others and seeing the
consequences of their behavior.

* The theory recognizes that behavior that is

rewarded tends to be repeated.

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Strategic Marketing
1. Imperatives for Market-Driven Strategy
2. Markets and Competitive Space
3. Strategic Market Segmentation
4. Strategic Customer Relationship Management
5. Capabilities for Learning about Customers and Markets
6. Market Targeting and Strategic Positioning
7. Strategic Relationships
8. Innovation and New Product Strategy
9. Strategic Brand Management
10. Value Chain Strategy
11. Pricing Strategy
12. Promotion, Advertising and Sales Promotion
Strategies
13. Sales Force, Internet, and Direct Marketing Strategies
14. Designing Market-Driven Organizations
15. Marketing Strategy Implementation And Control
 Strategic Marketing

Imperatives for
Market-Driven
Strategy

McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
*
* Objectives
*
* Pivotal role of market-driven strategy
in designing and implementing
business/marketing strategies
* Links between business/marketing
strategy and corporate strategy
* Challenges in the modern environment

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*
*
* Characteristics of a Market-Driven Strategy
Becoming Market-
Orientation

Achieving Superior Determining

Performance Distinctive
Capabilities

Customer
Value/
Capabilities
Match
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*
* Market-Driven Strategy (1)
*
* Becoming market-oriented
* Customer focus
* Competitor intelligence
* Cross-functional coordination
* Performance implications

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*
* Characteristics of Market Orientation
*
 Customer Focus
What are the customer’s value requirements?
 Competitive Intelligence
Importance of understanding the
competition as well as the customer
 Cross-Functional Coordination
Remove the walls between business functions
 Performance Consequences
Market orientation leads to
superior organizational performances

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*
* BECOMING MARKET ORIENTED
*
* Customer is the focal point of the organization
* Commitment to continuous creation of superior
customer value
* Superior skills in understanding and satisfying
customers
* Requires involvement and support of the entire
workforce
* Monitor rapidly changing customer needs and
wants

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*
*
*

* Determine the impact of changes on

customer satisfaction
* Increase the rate of product innovation
* Pursue strategies to create competitive
advantage

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*
*
* Becoming a Market-Oriented Organization
Information
Acquisition

Cross-Functional
Analysis of Information

Shared Diagnosis
and Coordinated
Action
Delivery of
Superior Customer
Value
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*
* Market Orientation
*
 Information Acquisition
 Gather relevant information on customers,
competition, and markets
 Involve all business function
 Inter-functional Assessment
 Share information and develop
innovative products with
people from different function
 Shared diagnosis and action
 Deliver superior customer value
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*
* Market-Driven Strategy (2)
*
* Determining distinctive capabilities

Capabilities are complex bundles of skills and

accumulated knowledge, exercised through
organizational processes, that enable firms to
coordinate activities and make use of their assets

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*
* Capabilities
*
Disproportionate
(higher)
contribution to
superior
customer value Compelling
Logic of Distinctive
Capabilities

Provides value to
customers on a more
cost-effective basis
Source: George S. Day, Journal of Marketing, October 1994, p. 38.
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*
* Capabilities
*
Desirable
Desirable
Capabilities
Capabilities

Applicable to Superior to the

Multiple Competition
Competition
Situations

Difficult to
Duplicate
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*
* Market-Driven Strategy (3)
*
* Becoming market-oriented
* Customer focus
* Competitor intelligence
* Cross-functional coordination
* Performance implications
* Determining distinctive capabilities
* Types of capabilities

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*
* Types of Capabilities
*
Outside-In
Processes

Spanning
Processes

Inside-Out
Processes

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*
* Organization’s Process
*
EXTERNAL INTERNAL
EMPHASIS EMPHASIS
Outside-In Inside-Out
Processes Processes
Spanning Processes
 Market sensing  Financial management
 Customer order
 Customer linking fulfillment  Cost control
 Channel bonding  Pricing  Technology
development
 Technology  Purchasing
monitoring  Integrated logistics
 Customer service
delivery  Manufacturing/
transformation
 New product/service processes
development
 Human resources
 Strategy development management
 Environment health and
Source: George S. Day, Journal of Marketing, October 1994, 41.
safety
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*
* Market-Driven Strategy (4)
*
* Becoming market-oriented
* Customer focus
* Competitor intelligence
* Cross-functional coordination
* Performance implications
* Determining distinctive capabilities
* Types of capabilities
* Creating value for customers
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*
* Matching Customer Value and Distinctive
* Capabilities

Value Requirements

Distinctive
Capabilities

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*
* CREATING VALUE FOR CUSTOMERS
*
Customer Value:
 Value for buyers consists of the benefits less
the costs resulting from the purchase of
products.
 Superior value: positive net benefits

Creating Value:
“Customer value is the outcome of a process
that begins with a business strategy anchored in
a deep understanding of customer needs.”
Source: C. K. Troy, The Conference Board Inc., 1996, 5.
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* Creating Value for Customers
*
Customer
Value

Benefits Costs
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*
* Value Composition
*
Product

Services
Benefits
Employees

Image Value
(gain/loss)
Monetary costs
Costs
Time (sacrifices)
Psychic and
physic costs

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*
* Market-Driven Strategy (5)
*
* Becoming market-driven
* Marketing sensing capabilities
* Customer linking capabilities
* Aligning structure and processes

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*
* Becoming Market Driven
*
Market Sensing
Capabilities

MARKET –
DRIVEN
STRATEGIES

Customer Linking
Capabilities
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*
* Market Driven Initiatives
*
Market Sensing Capabilities
* Effective processes for learning about
markets
* Sensing:
* Collected information needs to be shared
across functions and interpreted to
determine proper actions.
Customer Linking Capabilities
* Create and maintain close customer
relationships
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*
*
*
Aligning Structure and Processes
* Potential change of organizational design
* Improve existing processes
* Process redesign
* Cross-functional coordination and
involvement
* Primary targets for reengineering:
* Sales and marketing, customer relations,
order fulfillment, and distribution
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*
* Corporate, Business and Marketing
* Strategy (1)
* What is corporate strategy?

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*
* CORPORATE STRATEGY
*
Deciding the Scope
and Purpose of
the Business

Business
Objectives

Actions and
Resources for
Achieving
Objectives

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*
CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL
*
STRATEGY
*
 Unique competitive position for the
company.
 Activities tailored to strategy.
 Clear trade-offs and choices vis-à-vis
competitors.
 Competitive advantage arises from fit
across activities.
 Sustainability comes from the activity
system not the parts.
 Operational effectiveness a given.
Source: Michael E. Porter, “What Is Strategy,” Harvard Business Review, November-December 1996, 74.

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*
* Corporate, Business and Marketing
* Strategy (2)
* What is corporate strategy?
* Corporate strategy framework
* Deciding corporate vision
* Objectives
* Resources
* Business composition
* Structure, systems and processes

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*
* CORPORATE STRATEGY
* COMPONENTS

 Management’s long-term vision for the

corporation
 Objectives
 Assets, skills, and capabilities
 Businesses in which the corporation
competes
 Structure, systems, and processes
 Creation of value
Source: David J. Collis and Cynthia A. Montgomery, Corporate Strategy, Chicago: Irwin, 1997, 7-12.

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*
* Corporate, Business and Marketing
* Strategy (3)
* Business and marketing strategy
* Business and marketing strategy
relationships
* Strategic marketing

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* CORPORATE, BUSINESS AND
* MARKETING STRATEGY

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*
* Corporate, Business and
* Marketing Strategy (4)
* The marketing strategy process
* Markets, segments and customer value
* Markets and competitive space
* Strategic market segmentation
* Strategic customer relationship management
* Capabilities for continuous learning about
markets

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*
* Corporate, Business and Marketing
* Strategy (5)
* Designing market-driven strategies
* Market targeting and strategic positioning
* Strategic relationships
* Innovation and new product strategy
* Market-driven program development
* Strategic brand management
* Value chain strategy
* Pricing strategy
* Promotion strategy

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*
* Corporate, Business and Marketing
* Strategy (6)
* Implementing and managing market-
driven strategy
* Designing market-driven organizations
* Marketing strategy implementation and
control

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*
*
MARKETING STRATEGY PROCESS
*
Markets,
Segments
And Value
Implementing
and Managing Designing
Market-Driven Market-Driven
Strategy Strategies

Market-Driven
Program
Development

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*
* Challenges in the modern
* environment

* Escalating globalization
* Technology diversity and uncertainty
* The Web 4.0 and 5.0
* Ethical behavior and corporate social
responsiveness

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*
* Strategic Marketing Planning
*
* Developing the strategic plan for each
business
* Preparing the marketing plan
* Planning relationships and frequency
* Planning considerations
* Responsibility for preparing plans
* Planning unit
* Preparing the marketing plan

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*
* MARKETING PLAN
* OUTLINE
I. Strategic Situation Summary

Summarize the key points from your situation analysis (market analysis, segments,
industry/competition) in order to recount the major events and provide information to better
understand thestrategies outlined in the marketing plan.

II. Market-Targets and Objectives

The market target may be defined demographically (key characteristics only),

geographically, or in social/economic terms. Each market target should have needs and
wants that differ to some degree from other targets. These differences may be with
respect to types of products purchased, use situation, frequency of purchase, and other
variations that indicate a need to alter the positioning strategy to fit the needs and wants of
each target. An objective is a quantified goal identifying what is expected when. It specifies
the end results expected. The objectives should be written for each target market.
Objectives should also be included for the following program components: (1) product,
(2) price, (3) distribution, (4) promotion (salesforce, advertising, sales promotion, and
public relations), and (5) technical services.

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*
* MARKETING PLAN
* OUTLINE

III. Positioning Statements

Write statements that describe how you want each market

target to perceive each product relative to competition. State the
core concept used to position the product (brand) in the eyes and
mind of the targeted buyer. The positioning statement should
describe: (1) What criteria or benefits the customer considers when
buying a product along with the level of importance, (2) What we
offer that differentiates our product from competition, and (3) The
limitations of competitive products.

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*
* IV. Market Mix Strategy for
* Each Market Target
A. Product Strategy
Identify how each product fits the market target. Other issues that may be addressed would
be new product suggestions, adjustments in the mix of existing products, and product
deletion candidates.
B. Price Strategy
The overall pricing strategy (I.e., competitive, premium-priced, etc.) should be identified
along with a cost/benefit analysis if applicable. Identify what role you want price to play, i.e.,
increase share, maintenance, etc.
C. Distribution Strategy
Describe specific distribution strategies for each market target. Issues to be addressed are
intensity of distribution (market coverage), how distribution will be accomplished, and
assistance provided to distributors. The role of the sales force in distribution strategy should
also be considered.
D. Promotion Strategy
Promotion strategy is used to initiate and maintain a flow of communication between the
company and the market target. To assist in developing the communications program, the
attributes or benefits of our product should be identified for each market target. How our
product differs from competition (competitive advantage) should be listed. The sales force’s
responsibilities in fulfilling the market plan must be integrated into the promotion strategy.
Strategies should be listed for (1) personal selling, (2) advertising, (3) sales promotion, and
(4) public relations.
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*
*
*

E. Marketing Research
Describe the market research problem and the kind of
information needed. Include a statement which addresses
why this information is needed. The specific market
research strategies can be written once the above two
steps have been followed.
V. Coordination with Other Business Functions
Indicate other departments/functions that have
responsibilities for implementing the marketing plan.
VI. Sales Forecasts and Budgets

VII. Contingency Plans

Indicate how your plans should be modified if events
should occur that are different from those assumed
in the plan.

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