Welcome to OUR presentation

On
TRANSISTORS AMPLIFIER

Submitted By:
ID: 2023021414
ID: 2023021419
ID: 2023021421
ID: 2023021422
ID: 2023021429
 CONTENT
 Introduction
 What is a Transistor Amplifier?
 Classification of Amplifiers
 Applications of Transistor Amplifiers
 RC Coupled Transistor Amplifier
 Applications of RC coupled Transistor amplifier
 Power Amplifier
 Types Of Power Amplifier
 Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
GOOD AFTERNOON, LADIES AND GENTLEMEN! TODAY,
WE'RE GOING TO TALK ABOUT ONE OF THE MOST
FASCINATING INVENTIONS OF THE MODERN ERA -
TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS!

TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS ARE AT THE HEART OF

MODERN ELECTRONICS, POWERING EVERYTHING FROM
SMARTPHONES TO SPACE SHUTTLES. WITHOUT THEM,
OUR WORLD WOULD BE A MUCH QUIETER AND LESS
CONNECTED PLACE. SO BUCKLE UP AND GET READY
FOR A JOURNEY INTO THE EXCITING WORLD OF
TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS!
WHAT IS A TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER?

A transistor amplifier is an electronic device that uses a transistor to increase the amplitude
of an electrical signal. It works by taking a small input signal and amplifying it into a larger
output signal that can be used for various purposes, such as driving a speaker or
transmitting data over long distances. Transistor amplifiers are commonly used in audio
systems, radio transmitters, and other electronic devices.

The basic operation of a transistor amplifier involves using a small current to control a
larger current. The transistor acts as a switch, allowing the small input signal to turn on and
off a larger flow of current. This process results in an amplified output signal that is a
replica of the original input signal, but with a higher amplitude. There are different types of
transistor amplifiers, each with their own advantages and disadvantages depending on the
specific application.
 CLASSIFICATION OF AMPLIFIERS

Amplifiers can be classified into several categories based on their

configuration, purpose, and characteristics. In this section, we will
explore the main classifications of amplifiers:
 Based on Amplification Stage
 Single-Stage Amplifiers:
 Explanation: Consist of one amplification stage.
 Example Applications: Small-signal amplification.
 Multistage Amplifiers:
 Explanation: Consist of multiple amplification stages connected
in cascade.
 Example Applications: High-gain applications, complex signal
processing.
 CLASSIFICATION OF AMPLIFIERS
 Based on Configuration
 Common Emitter Amplifier (CE):
 Explanation: Provides high voltage gain and moderate current gain.
Commonly used for voltage amplification in audio applications.
 Diagram: Include a simple CE amplifier circuit diagram.
 Common Collector Amplifier (CC):
 Explanation: Provides unity voltage gain but high current gain.
Often used as a current buffer.
 Diagram: Include a simple CC amplifier circuit diagram.
 Common Base Amplifier (CB):
 Explanation: Provides low voltage and current gain but wide
bandwidth. Used in applications requiring high-frequency
amplification.
 Diagram: Include a simple CB amplifier circuit diagram.
 CLASSIFICATION OF AMPLIFIERS
 BASED ON PURPOSE
 VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER:
 Explanation: Amplifies voltage signals while maintaining
current levels.
 Example Applications: Audio amplifiers, instrumentation
amplifiers.
 CURRENT AMPLIFIER:
 Explanation: Amplifies current signals while maintaining
voltage levels.
 Example Applications: Current sensing circuits,
transimpedance amplifiers.
 POWER AMPLIFIER:
 Explanation: Amplifies both voltage and current to deliver
high power output.
 Example Applications: Speakers, RF power amplifiers.
 CLASSIFICATION OF AMPLIFIERS
 Based on Frequency Range
 Audio Amplifiers:
Explanation: Designed for the amplification of audio frequencies (20
Hz to 20 kHz).
Example Applications: Home stereo systems, headphones.
 Radio-Frequency (RF) Amplifiers:
Explanation: Designed for the amplification of radio frequencies
(typically above 20 kHz).
Example Applications: Radio transmitters, RF communication systems.
 Microwave Amplifiers:
Explanation: Operate in the microwave frequency range (typically
above 1 GHz).
Example Applications: Radar systems, satellite communication.
 APPLICATIONS OF TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIERS

 Transistor amplifiers have revolutionized the way we

communicate and consume media. They are used in a
wide range of industries, including telecommunications,
audio amplification, and electronic circuits. In
telecommunications, transistor amplifiers are used to
amplify signals for long-distance transmission, allowing
us to communicate with people all over the world. In
audio amplification, they are used to produce high-quality
sound in speakers and headphones. And in electronic
circuits, they are used to control the flow of electricity and
perform a variety of tasks.

 One real-world example of the importance of transistor

amplifiers is in the field of medical technology. Transistor
amplifiers are used in electrocardiograms (ECGs) to
detect and amplify the electrical signals generated by the
heart. This allows doctors to diagnose and treat heart
conditions more effectively. Without transistor amplifiers,
ECGs would not be possible, and many lives would be at
risk.
 RC COUPLED TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER

• An RC coupled transistor amplifier is a type of

amplifier that uses resistors and capacitors to
couple the stages of the amplifier together. The
purpose of this coupling is to allow the AC signal
to pass through while blocking the DC signal.
This type of amplifier is commonly used in audio
applications because it provides good frequency
response and low distortion.
• The advantage of an RC coupled transistor
amplifier is that it is relatively simple and
inexpensive to build. However, there are also
some disadvantages to this type of amplifier. One
disadvantage is that it has limited voltage gain,
which means that it may not be suitable for high
gain applications. Additionally, the capacitors used
in the coupling circuit can introduce phase shift
and affect the stability of the amplifier.
 ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE OF RC COUPLED
TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER

RC Coupled Transistor Amplifier is a common configuration for amplifying

signals in electronic circuits. Here are the advantages and disadvantages of RC
coupled transistor amplifiers:

Advantages:

1. High Voltage Gain: RC coupled amplifiers can achieve a high voltage gain,
making them suitable for applications where signal amplification is crucial.
2. Wide Frequency Response: They offer a wide bandwidth, which means they
can amplify a broad range of frequencies, making them suitable for both audio
and RF (Radio Frequency) applications.
3. Low Cost: RC coupled amplifiers are cost-effective and relatively simple to
design and implement compared to more complex amplifier configurations.
4. Low Distortion: When properly designed, RC coupled amplifiers can have low
distortion levels, preserving the fidelity of the amplified signal.
 ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE OF RC COUPLED
TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER

Disadvantages:

1. Limited Gain-Bandwidth Product: RC coupled amplifiers have a gain-

bandwidth product that limits their performance at very high frequencies.
Beyond a certain frequency, the gain starts to drop.
2. Frequency Response Variability: The frequency response of RC coupled
amplifiers can vary with changes in temperature and component tolerances,
making them less suitable for precision applications.
3. Limited Power Handling: These amplifiers are generally not well-suited for
high-power applications due to the limited power-handling capability of the
coupling capacitors and resistors.
4. Coupling Capacitor Size: To achieve a wide bandwidth, large coupling
capacitors may be required, which can increase the physical size and cost of
the amplifier.
 APPLICATIONS OF RC COUPLED TRANSISTOR
AMPLIFIER

RC coupled transistor amplifiers find applications in various electronic devices and systems
where signal amplification is necessary. Here are some common applications:

 Audio Amplification: RC coupled amplifiers are widely used in audio equipment such as
amplifiers, preamplifiers, and receivers. They can boost low-level audio signals from sources
like microphones, musical instruments, and CD players, making them suitable for home
audio systems and public address systems.
 Radio Frequency (RF) Amplification: These amplifiers are employed in RF circuits for
applications like radio receivers, transmitters, and wireless communication devices. They
help amplify RF signals within a specific frequency range, improving signal strength and
reception quality.
 Television and Broadcasting: In television and broadcasting equipment, these amplifiers
are used to amplify video and audio signals before transmission or broadcasting, ensuring
high-quality signals.
 Signal Conditioning: RC coupled amplifiers are used in signal conditioning circuits to
prepare signals for further processing or analysis. For example, they can be part of sensor
interfaces that adjust signals to match the input requirements of analog-to-digital converters
(ADCs).
 POWER AMPLIFIER

A power amplifier is a type of electronic amplifier that is used to

amplify signals to a level that can drive a load. It is an essential
component in many electronic devices, from audio systems to radio
transmitters.

The significance of power amplifiers can be seen in their ability to

increase the power of a signal without distorting it. This allows for clear
and accurate transmission of information, making power amplifiers
crucial in various applications such as telecommunications,
broadcasting, and music production.
 TYPES OF POWER AMPLIFIER
Power amplifiers are electronic devices that amplify the power level of electrical signals, typically for driving loads like
speakers or antennas. They are a crucial part of many electronic systems. Power amplifiers can be classified into several
types based on their operation, circuit configuration, and application. Here are some common types of power amplifiers:

 Class A Power Amplifier:

 Operation: In a Class A amplifier, the transistors conduct over the entire range of the input cycle, making
them highly linear but inefficient.
 Application: Hi-fi audio amplifiers, where linearity and low distortion are crucial.
 Class B Power Amplifier:
 Operation: In Class B amplifiers, transistors conduct for only half of the input cycle, leading to better
efficiency but crossover distortion at the zero-crossing points.
 Application: Often used in push-pull configurations, such as power stages in audio amplifiers.
 Class AB Power Amplifier:
 Operation: Combines features of Class A and Class B amplifiers to achieve a compromise between efficiency
and linearity.
 Application: Widely used in consumer electronics, including audio amplifiers and RF amplifiers.
 Class C Power Amplifier:
 Operation: Operates for less than half of the input cycle, making it highly efficient but with limited linearity.
 Application: RF amplification in transmitters, where efficiency is critical.
 OPERATING REGIONS OF BJT

Cut off region

Linear region

Saturation region
 TYPES OF TRANSISTOR
• BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor

• UJT- Unipolar Junction Transistor

• FET - Field Effect Transistor

• MOS - Metal Oxide Semiconductor

 TRANSISTOR APPLICATIONS

Transistor as a switch
When used as an electronic switch, the transistor is normally
operated alternately in cut-off and saturation regions.
 TRANSISTOR AS AMPLIFIER
• Due to the small changes in base current the collector current
will mimic the input with greater amplitude
 FUTURE OF TRANSISTORS
• Molecular electronics
• Carbon nano tube transistors
• Nanoinspiration wire transistors
• Quantum computing
• CMOS devices will add functionality to CMOS non-volatile
memory, opto-electronics, sensing….
• CMOS technology will address new markets
macroelectronics, bio-medical devices, …
• Biology may provide for new technologies bottom-up
assembly, human intelligence
 WHAT’S NEW IN TRANSISTOR
TECHNOLOGY?
3D Transistor made using
Tri-Gate transistors on its 22nm logic
technology.

Advantage of Tri-Gate Transistors

·More than 50% power reduction at
constant performance.
·37% performance increase at low voltage
·Improved performance and efficiency.
 CONCLUSION

• In conclusion, transistor amplifiers are an essential component in

modern technology. They allow us to amplify signals and power
electronic devices that we use every day. We have discussed the
different types of transistor amplifiers, their applications, and the
process of designing them. It is clear that without transistor
amplifiers, many of the technologies we rely on today would not be
possible.
• As we look towards the future, the importance of transistor
amplifiers will only continue to grow. From telecommunications to
audio amplification, from electronic circuits to medical devices,
transistor amplifiers are at the heart of innovation. Let us embrace
the possibilities and continue to push the boundaries of what is
possible with this incredible technology.
THANKS