SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC

NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR

APPLICATIONS FOR TISSUE
REGENERATION
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

What are Nanoparticles? 3

Magnetic Nanoparticles 4

Types of Magnetic Nanoparticles 5

Methods of Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles 6

Our Market 7

Our Milestones 8

Our Management Team 9

Our Offered Services 10

Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles In Tissue Regeneration 11

Conclusion 13
 PART I
INTRODUCTION TO
MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES
REPRESENTED BY: ATIF RAJPOOT
REG ID: 70115534
 WHAT ARE NANOPARTICLES?

• A nanoparticle is a small particle that ranges between 1 to 100 nano meters in size.
Undetectable by the human eye, nanoparticles can exhibit significantly different physical
and chemical properties to their larger material counterparts.
• ?There are four main types of intentionally produced nanomaterials: carbon-based, metal-
based, dendrimers, and nanocomposites. Carbon-based nanomaterials are intentionally
produced fullerenes. These include carbon nanotubes and buckyballs
• Nanoparticles are now being used in the manufacture of scratchproof eyeglasses, crack-
resistant paints, anti-graffiti coatings for walls, transparent sunscreens, stain-repellent
fabrics, self-cleaning windows and ceramic coatings for solar cells.
 MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES

• Magnetic nanoparticles are typically 1-100

nm in diameter. They ''are the class of
nanoparticles that can be manipulated using
magnetic field.''
• They are often made up of ferrite (iron oxide)
or metals such as iron, nickel, or cobalt.
• They are usually coated according to the
required application.
Figure#1 A structural composition of magnetic
nanoparticle
 TYPES OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES

OXIDES: Ferrite
• Ferrite nanoparticles or iron oxide nanoparticle (iron oxide in crystal structure of maghemite or
magnetite) are the most explored magnetic nanoparticles up to date.
• They become superparamagnetic they exhibit their magnetic behavior only when an external
magnetic field is applied.
• The magnetic moment of ferrite nanoparticles can be greatly increased by controlled clustering of
a number of individual superparamagnetic nanoparticles into superparamagnetic nanoparticle
clusters, namely magnetic nanobeads.
• With the external magnetic field switched off, the remanence falls back to zero.
• The surface of ferrite nanoparticles is often modified by surfactants, silica, silicones or
phosphoric acid derivatives to increase their stability in solution.
 TYPES OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES
Ferrites With A Shell
• The surface of a maghemite or magnetite magnetic nanoparticle is relatively inert and does not usually allow strong
covalent bonds with functionalization molecules.
• The reactivity of the magnetic nanoparticles can be improved by coating a layer of silica onto their surface.
• Ferrite nanoparticle clusters with narrow size distribution consisting of superparamagnetic oxide nanoparticles coated
with a silica shell have several advantages over metallic nanoparticles:
• Higher chemical stability (crucial for biomedical applications)
• Narrow size distribution (crucial for biomedical applications)
• Higher colloidal stability since they do not magnetically agglomerate
• Magnetic moment can be tuned with the nanoparticle cluster size
• Retained superparamagnetic properties (independent of the nanoparticle cluster size)
• Silica surface enables straightforward covalent functionalization
Figure#2 A visual representation of a ferrite with
a shell
 TYPES OF MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES
METALLIC
• Metallic nanoparticles may be beneficial for some technical applications due to their higher magnetic
moment whereas oxides (maghemite, magnetite) would be beneficial for biomedical application.
• This also implies that for the same moment, metallic nanoparticles can be made smaller than their oxide
counterparts.

DISADVANTAGES

• On the other hand, metallic nanoparticles have the great disadvantage of being pyrophoric and reactive to
oxidizing agents to various degrees.
• This makes their handling difficult and enables unwanted side reactions which makes them less appropriate
for biomedical applications.
• Colloid formation for metallic particles is also much more challenging.
References Gu, H.; Boehler, Q.; Cui, H.; Secchi, E.; Savorana, G.; De Marco, C.; Gervasoni,
S.; Peyron, Q.; Huang, T.-Y.; Pane, S.; et al. Magnetic cilia carpets with
programmable metachronal waves. Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 1–10. [Google
Scholar] [CrossRef]

Su, R.; Tang, X.; Feng, L.; Yao, G.-L.; Chen, J. Development of quantitative
magnetic beads-based flow cytometry fluorescence immunoassay for aflatoxin B1.
Microchem. J. 2020, 155, 104715. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
 PART II
SYNTHESIS OF
MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES
REPRESENTED BY: SYEDA SAJJAB FATIMA
REG ID: 70116327
METHODS OF
SYNTHESIS OF
MAGNETIC CHIEF
POLYOL METHOD
NANOPARTICLES EXECUTIVE
OFFICER

THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF CHIEF FINANCE

ORGANIC PRECURSORS OFFICER

CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION ACCOUNTANT

FINANCE
SOL-GEL METHOD MANAGER
 POLYOL METHOD
The polyol method involves suspending the metal precursor in a glycol solvent and
subsequently heating the solution to a refluxing temperature. This technique has been
used to synthesize metallic, oxide, and semiconductor NPs. Mono-metallic and metallic
alloy NPs have been synthesized with this technique. Often, a polyol is used as solvent,
reducing agent, and ligand, to prevent NP agglomeration. The choice of polyol type is
dictated by the optimum reflux temperature. Often, several hours of heating are required
to produce NPs when convective heating is used. Microwave heating using polyol
solvent was successfully used in the past to produce metal and metal oxide NPs.
POLYOL
METHOD

Table#1 Magnetic Nanoparticles obtained from Polyol Method

 THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF
ORGANIC PRECURSORS
The decomposition of iron precursors
in the presence of hot organic
surfactants has yielded markedly
improved samples with good size
control, narrow size distribution and
good crystallinity of individual and
dispersible magnetic iron oxide
Figure#3 A schematic diagram of the thermal
nanoparticles. decomposition of organic precursors
 CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), a bottom-up

approach, is one of the most frequently used methods
for the synthesis of thin films and nanoparticles. It is
a process where one or more gaseous adsorption
species react or decompose on a hot surface to form
stable solid products. Chemical vapor deposition is
more difficult than physical vapor deposition but has
benefits including the capacity to create pure thin
films or nanoparticles, high manufacturing yield, and
Figure#4 A schematic diagram of synthesis of
simplicity in scaling up
magnetic nanoparticles by chemical vapour
deposition method
 SOL-GEL METHOD
The sol-gel process is a more chemical method (wet
chemical method) for the synthesis of various
nanostructures, especially metal oxide nanoparticles.
In this method, the molecular precursor (usually
metal alkoxide) is dissolved in water or alcohol and
converted to gel by heating and stirring by
hydrolysis/alcoholysis. Since the gel obtained from
the hydrolysis/alcoholysis process is wet or damp, it
should be dried using appropriate methods depending
Figure#5 A schematic diagram of the synthesis of
on the desired properties and application of the gel. magnetic nanoparticles by Sol-gel method
References Bruschi, M. L., & de Toledo, L. D. A. S. (2019). Pharmaceuti-

cal applications of iron-oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Magneto-

chemistry, 5, 50.

Kianfar, E. (2021). Magnetic nanoparticles in targeted drug deliv-

ery: A review. JOURNAL OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND
NOVEL MAGNETISM, 34(7), 1709–1735.

Aghajanyan, A., Gabrielyan, L., Schubert, R. et al. (2020) Sil-

ver ion bioreduction in nanoparticles using Artemisia annua L.

extract: characterization and application as antibacterial agents.

AMB Expr 10:66. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-020-01002-w

 PART III
APPLICATIONS OF
MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES IN
TISSUE REGENERATION
REPRESENTED BY: NOOR-UL-AIN
REG ID: 70116291
 APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC
NANOPARTICLES IN TISSUE
REGENERATION

The magnetic field can be used to guide cell migration and

promote tissue regeneration. Furthermore, MNPs can be
incorporated into 3D-printed scaffolds as carriers for
targeted drug delivery. The drug can be attached to the
surface of the MNPs and released in response to an external
magnetic field.
Some more applications are discussed as;
 APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC
NANOPARTICLES IN TISSUE
REGENERATION
1. Delivery Of Bioactive Agents Using Magnetic Nanoparticles

Targeted and controlled delivery of bioactive agents in specific sites especially at a

cellular level can fortify bone regeneration whilst limiting associated side effects.
Bioactive agents including growth factors, drugs, genes, etc. are known to
positively influence bone regeneration, thus using MNPs as carriers for such agents
provides an additional advantage due to the ability to stimulate them under
magnetic fields.
 APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC
NANOPARTICLES IN TISSUE
REGENERATION
2. Stem Cells & Secretory Vesicles
Stem cells and secretory vesicles can be used for tissue regeneration and repair. In cell
therapy, MNPs which interact with external magnetic field are introduced to achieve the
purpose of cell directional enrichment, while MRI to monitor cell distribution and drug
delivery.
Stem cell research has significant potential for the regeneration of tissues in therapies such as
stroke treatment, ischemic heart disease treatment, and repairing defective tendons. This
method of therapy is also attractive for wound repair and tissue engineering for transplants.
References Xia, Y.; Sun, J.; Zhao, L.; Zhang, F.; Liang, X.-J.; Guo, Y.; Weir, M.D.; Reynolds,
M.A.; Gu, N.; Xu, H.H.K. Magnetic field and nano-scaffolds with stem cells to
enhance bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2018, 183, 151–170. [Google Scholar]
[CrossRef] [PubMed]

Dasari A, Xue J, Deb S. Magnetic Nanoparticles in Bone Tissue Engineering.

Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Feb 24, vol 92:1606–1613. doi: 10.1302/0301-
620X.92B11.23491.[PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
 CONCLUSION
There is a vast amount of research into potential scaffolds for
tissue regeneration. The applications of MNPs are widely
reported and as such the fabrication of magnetic scaffolds for
tissue engineering is growing rapidly. And, also, there is a great
future to this field as MNPs are highly used for tissues
regeneration.