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Chapter 4 Sept 2018
Chapter 4 Sept 2018
E-MAIL: s.nsor-anabiah@gtuc.edu.gh
02/09/2013 14:15:00 Academic excellence in ICT Education
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Pre-Requisites:
Sound English Language Proficiency
(The Queen’s English)
Engineering Maths I, II, III, IV, V
Electronics I II III (Analogue Electronics)
Digital Electronics,
Circuit Theory
Field Theory
Communication Electronics,
Analogue Communications Systems ,
Digital Communications Systems,
Antennas & Propagation of Radio Waves,
DSP,
Electromagnetic Wave Theory,
Microwave Devices,
Etc. Academic excellence in ICT Education
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CHAPTER 4
INTEGRATED
SERVICES DIGITAL
NETWORKS (ISDN)
ISDN EXPLAINED
ISDN system allows voice and data to be transmitted
simultaneously across the world using end-to-end digital
connectivity.
Digital:
Digital terminal equipment –
Digital local loops –
Digital trunks –
Digital switching –
Digital signalling
Network:
Worldwide,
Interoperating Communications Fabric Under Distributed Control Using
Common Standards.
ISDN BACKGROUND
3) Broadband (B-ISDN).
BRI is the most common service for
residential customers.
ET - Exchange Terminal
TA - Terminal Adaptor
LT - Line Terminal
TE1 - ISDN Terminal
NT1 - Network Termination 1
TE2 - Non-ISDN Terminal
NT2 - Network Termination 2
R,S,T,U,V Reference points
ISDN Reference Points Include The Following:
a) Speed
• Modems have maximum speeds of 56 kb/s,
but are limited by the quality of the
analogue connection and routinely go about
45-50 kb/s.
The S Interface:
The Reference point “S” is the physical & logical interface
b/n a TE (or TA) & a NT.
It uses four wires
Employs a bipolar Tx technique known as:
Alternate Mark Inversion (AMI)
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The T Interface:
The U Interface:
a) ISDN in Business:
b) ISDN in Education:
• Call Clear-down.
Packet-switched data
Circuit-switched data
Circuit-switched voice
User-to-user signalling
ISDN Configurations
Teleservices.
ISDN Bearer Services
With ISDN bearer services it is possible to transfer data b/n
subscribers.
It Offers:
- A Better S/N Ratio & The Attenuation Is Unaffected By
Distance.
- A Greater Voice Bandwidth, E.g. 7khz & Stereo Sound
For Audio Conferencing Services.
Mixed Service
• This Allows A Combination Of The Teletex &
Telefax Service For The Transmission Of One
Document.
These include:
Calling line Identification (CLI);
Call Waiting & Forwarding;
Sub-addressing
Advice of Charge;
Multiple Subscriber Numbering; Etc.
ISDN SIGNALING SYSTEM
These are:
a)User Network Signaling,
b) Intra-network Signaling, &
c)User-to-user Signaling.
LOW BANDWIDTH V HIGH BANDWIDTH