Continuous Distillation (McCabe-Thiele method)

Minimum reflux ratio ≡ Rmin 1.0

R = αRmin xD
0.8 xD
xD ↑
R↓
R+1 0.6

yA
xD zF
0.4 zF
Rmin+1
Rmin xD
0.2

xW
R+1 xW
0.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
xA
Continuous Distillation (McCabe-Thiele method)
C
xD 1.0

F
Np =? 0.8
Np xD
xD
zF
q
α xW
R=αRmin R 0.6

yA
Solution method: zF
3-
4-
6-
2-
1- Draw and
Draw xy
upper
5-Drawing
feed calculate
horizontal
operating
diagram
lower Rmin
and
with
operating :vertical lines:
line:
αline:
xD 0.4 zF
xRD q x xzDF Rmin+1
R
yn 1 y(y ) xn x Rmin
RRmin1q1(11 1)( Rxq1)1 R   R
min x D
0.2

zxFWD 0 q R+1 xW
slopexD xW
xzxWD q 1 0.0
F R 1 0.0 xW 0.2 0.4
zFxA 0.6 0.8 xD 1.0
Continuous Distillation (McCabe-Thiele method)
Find Rmin with calculation: 1.0

x xD
y
1  (  1) x 0.8 xD

q zF
y x
q 1 q 1 0.6

yA
Rmin xD xD
yn 1  ( ) xn  0.4 zF
Rmin  1 ( Rmin  1) Rmin+1 zF

0.2

0.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
xA
Continuous Distillation (McCabe-Thiele method)
Find Rmin with calculation:
 z F   xD 
 q 1    R 1 
x   
q z  q   R 
y x F
q 1 q 1  q 1    R 1  x
   
y
R xD 1  (  1) x
y( )x   z F   xD 
R 1 ( R  1)  q 1    R 1 
    q  zF
y  
 q   R   q 1  q 1
 q 1    R 1    z F   xD  
        R 1  
q  1   
 
 z F   xD   q   R  
 q 1    R 1  
    R 1  
     q  zF  q 1   
  
 q   R  q  1  q  1   z F   xD  
 q 1    R 1      R 1  
    q  1   
1  (  1)  
 q   R 
   
 q  1   R  1 
Continuous Distillation (McCabe-Thiele method)
  z F   xD  
Find Rmin with calculation: 
q  1  
R  1

    min 
  z F   xD     q   Rmin  
    R 1    z F   xD 
 q  1     q 1    R 1  
    R 1  
    min   q   zF    q 1   min  
 z F   xD   q   R    
 q 1    R 1      R 1    q   Rmin   q  1  q  1   z F   xD  
     q  zF  q  1     q 1    R 1      R 1  
      min  q  1
 q   R   q 1  q 1   z F   xD   1  (  1)     min 
 q 1    R 1      R 1     q   Rmin  
    q  1    
1  (  1)     
 q   R  R = Rmin   q  1   Rmin  1  

q  1    R 1  
    

Rmin z F  qxD  AB [ x D (q  1)  z F ( Rmin  1)]


Rmin (1  z F )  q (1  xD ) ( Rmin  1)(1  z F )  (q  1)(1  x D )

1  xDD  (1  xDD ) 
Sat. liquid q =1 min 
Rmin  
  1  zxFF (1  zxFF ) 
Feed     F AB
1   xDD (1 (1 xxDD))
Sat. vapor q =0 min 
Rmin    11
  1  zyFF (1  zyFF))
Continuous Distillation (McCabe-Thiele method)
Two especial cases in Rmin:

1.0 1.0

0.8 xD 0.8
xD
xD xD
0.6 0.6

zF
yA

yA
zF zF
xD 0.4
zF xD 0.4

Rmin+1 Rmin+1
0.2 0.2

xW
0.0
xW
0.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
xA xA
Homework (11)
Continuous Distillation (McCabe-Thiele method)
Minimum number of plate ≡ N Pmin D
C
Rmin
N Pmin≡( 𝑹 → ∞ ) F
L N Pmin
R
D
𝑵𝑷
W
R
Continuous Distillation (McCabe-Thiele method)
Minimum number of plate≡ N P 1.0

xD
min
N Pmin  1.92 xD
R   xD
R 1 0.8

xD
R  0
R 1
0.6

yA
The operating lines will zF
match the bisector line xD
0.4
zF

i-1
R+1 R

i
xi-1 = y i
0.2

xW
xW

i+1
xi
=y i+1
0.0
0.0 0.2 0.4
xA
0.6 0.8 1.0
Continuous Distillation (McCabe-Thiele method)
yNp+1
Calculate the minimum number of plate (Fenske Eq.)≡ N Pmin xW
R
y N P 1
(1  y N P 1 ) y N P 1  x 
N P 1
    N P 1  W  xNp
xW 1  y N P 1
(1  xW )  1  xW 
yNP  xW  ( xW , y N P 1 )
xN P  y N P 1   N P 1 N P  
yNP 1  yNP  1  xW 
(1  y N P ) yNP  xN P 
N     NP  
P
xN P 1  yNP  1  xN 
 
(1  xN P )
P

xN P 1  y N P
y N P 1
(1  y N P 1 ) y N P 1  xN P 1  y N P 1  xW 
N P 1

xN P 1

1  y N P 1
  N P 1  
 1  xN 1    N P 1 N P  N P 1  
(1  xN P 1 )
 P  1  y N P 1  1  xW 
Continuous Distillation (McCabe-Thiele method) y N P 1  xW 
  N P 1 N P  N P 1  
Minimum number of plate ≡ N P 1  y N P 1  1  xW 
min
y2
(1  y2 ) y2  x  y2  x 
2    2  2     N P 1 N P  N P 1     2  W 
x2 1  y2
(1  x2 )  1  x2  1  y2  1  xW 
y1
y1
x1  y2
(1  y1 ) y1  x  y  x  C
1    1  1   1   N 1 N  N 1     21  W 
x1 1  y1 xD
 1  x1  1  y1  1  xW 
P P P

(1  x1 )
 ave xo
xD N Pmin 1  x  xD  xW 
  ave 
W
   N P 1 N P  N P 1     21   y1  xD  x0
1  xD  1  xW  1  xD  1  xW 

  xD  
  xD     
   1 x 
ln 
1  x D   ln   x D(1  x )   Total
ln D  xW 
  x (11 x x )  
  xW  W
condensation
 

  1  xW  NNPminPmin    W  DW   11
N Pmin 1 
ln  ave ln aveave
ln
Continuous Distillation (McCabe-Thiele method)
Minimum number of plate ≡ N P
min
y1 yD
y1  xW 
  N P 1 N P  N P 1     21  
1  y1  1  xW 
C

yD x0  y1 xo
(1  yD ) yD  x 
0    0  0 
x0 1  yD  1  x0 
(1  x0 )
 ave ( x0 , yD )
yD N Pmin  2  x  yD  xW 
  ave 
W
   N P 1 N P  N P 1     21 0  
1  yD  1  x W  1  yD  1  xW 

 y D  
 y D  
     
1  y Partial
ln 
1  y D   ln  D  
  xW   yD (1  xW ) xW  condensation
   ln   
  1  xW   x (1  y  )1 xW 
NNPPminmin  2
W D
N Pmin 2 2
ln  ave ln lnave ave
Continuous Distillation (McCabe-Thiele method)
𝑪𝒂𝒑𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 $
Rmin N≡ ( 𝑹 → ∞ ) 𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕 $
P
min 𝑪𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒕 $
$
NP $𝑻
𝑵 𝒑 →∞

(𝑹→∞)
Np min

Rmin ROpt R Rmin ROpt R

Home work (12)