CHAPTER 8

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SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT

SUPPORT SYSTEM An organism is made up of various tissues which are soft and delicate
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SUPPORT SYSTEM A support system is needed to protect and support these tissues.

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SUPPORT SYSTEM This support system is called the SKELETON .

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SUPPORT SYSTEM The size and habitat of organism determine their support system.

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AQUATIC ANIMALS
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LAND ANIMALS
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SKELETON

Exoskeleton

Endoskeleton

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Hydrostatic skeleton

EXOSKELETON

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EXOSKELETON

Exoskeleton is the external skeleton of an organism

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EXOSKELETON

It is a hard outer skin or shell

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EXOSKELETON

An insect has an exoskeleton made from a substance called

CHITIN
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EXOSKELETON

Another form of exoskeleton is the hard shell of snail which made from

CALCIUM CARBONATE

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EXOSKELETON

Insect

chitin

Hard Shell
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Calcium carbonate

FUNCTION OF EXOSKELETON
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FUNCTION OF EXOSKELETON 1- To give body shape and maintain rigidity of the body

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2- To protect internal organs, like lungs and brains from injuries

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3- Contradictions and relaxations of muscle allow movements of the organism 4- To support the body weight
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EXOSKELETON

The exoskeleton of insects cannot change size once they grew up

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EXOSKELETON

To grow, insects have to shed their exoskeleton make another one

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EXOSKELETON

The process is called moulting

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ENDOSKELETON

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ENDOSKELETON

Endoskeleton is the internal skeleton of an organism.

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ENDOSKELETON

Endoskeleton is made up of bone and cartilage

cartilage bone

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ENDOSKELETON

Bone provides the strength while cartilage at the joint lets bones slide over each other to moves
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ENDOSKELETON

Humans and all vertebrates have endoskeleton

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ENDOSKELETON

Aquatic vertebrates have smaller endoskeletons when compare to land vertebrates of the same body mass.
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ENDOSKELETON

This is due to support from buoyancy.

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ENDOSKELETON

Buoyancy is the force from water which allows an object to float

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FUNCTION OF ENDOSKELETON
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FUNCTION OF ENDOSKELETON 1- To support the body weight

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2- To maintain the body shape by creating internal framework for the body

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3- To protect internal organs, like lungs or from injuries

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4- To provide attachment for muscles.

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5- To produce blood cells

Red blood cells produced by 4/21/12 the bone marrow

HYDROSTATIC SKELETON
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HYDROSTATIC SKELETON

Skeleton which consists of fluid-filled cavities.

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HYDROSTATIC SKELETON

The body cavity is enclosed by a muscular.

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HYDROSTATIC SKELETON

The fluid that fills the body cavity pushes all directions.

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FUNCTION OF HYDROSTATIC SKELETON

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FUNCTION OF HYDROSTATIC SKELETON 1- To maintain body shape and rigidity of invertebrates

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2- To protect internal organs from injuries

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3- To support soft tissues in the body organism

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