Dynamics Behaviour

Syllabus
 Behaviour of bridges under dynamic loads,
 Discussion of code
 provisions for design of bridges for wind and
earthquake forces.

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Behavior of bridges under dynamic loads

Moving load on the Mass and inherent

Causing a series of
bridge deck causes slabs elasticity of the structure
vibrations due to the
to deflect from tends to restore the
motion of vehicles on the
equilibrium position bridge deck to its
bridge deck
relatively quickly equilibrium position

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Effects of Bridge Vibrations Results in
1. Structural damage if not properly designed for
vibration effects

2. Cause unpleasant physiological and psychological

reactions on humans, and

3. Develops additional stresses of transient nature

which are in addition to the static effects.

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 Factors Influencing bridge vibration

1. Natural frequency of the vehicle system and the

suspension system
2. Speed of passing vehicles

3. Ratio of vehicle to bridge deck weight

4. Flexural rigidity and natural frequency of vibration

of the bridge deck
5. Type of bridge deck and approaches
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 Factors Influencing bridge vibration
6. Improper functioning of expansion joints

7. Frequency of live load application due to the

passage of multiple axles

8. Motion induced in bridge before application of live

loads (particularly) important for continuous spans)

9. The damage characteristics of the bridge and the

vehicle
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Dynamic Response of the bridge decks
• Case Study of Tacoma Narrow Bridge Collapse

• https://youtu.be/j-zczJXSxnw (Tacoma Narrows

Bridge Collapse "Gallopin' Gertie’’)

• https://youtu.be/mXTSnZgrfxM (why the tacoma

narrow bridge collapse)

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Dynamic Response of the bridge decks

• Depend upon

 Mass, Stiffness, Damping properties of the bridges

 Dynamic properties of the moving loads

 This all resulting in the vibrations weather at the

natural frequency or at the frequency of the
applied excited force.

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Codal Provisions For Dynamic Effects

• Codal provisions are correlate indirectly with

the dynamic response of the bridge deck;
 Impact Factors
 Limitation of the ratio of defection to span
 Restriction in the span/depth ratios

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 Codel Provisions For Dynamic Effects
• Clause 208 of IRC 6: 2016

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Codel Provisions For Dynamic Effects

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Codel Provisions For Dynamic Effects

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Structural Strengthening
When do Structure need strengthening

Maintenance and Repair of Concrete Structures, SWAYAM

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 Type of Upgradations

Maintenance and Repair of Concrete Structures, SWAYAM

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 Passive and Active Strengthening
• When do the loads act on the additional components?
• Passive Strengthening
• Repair do NOT participate in stress sharing until
additional loads (live or dead) are applied and/or until
acceptable levels of additional deformation occurs
• Active Strengthening
• Repairs do immediately participate in stress sharing
and additional deformation is unacceptable.

Peter. H. Emmons (1993)

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 Passive Strengthening

Peter. H. Emmons (1993)

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 Active Strengthening

Peter. H. Emmons (1993)

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 Flexural Strengthening Methods

Peter. H. Emmons (1993)

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 Section Enlargement

Maintenance and Repair of Concrete Structures, SWAYAM

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 Beam Overlay and Tendons

Maintenance and Repair of Concrete Structures, SWAYAM

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 Externally Bonded Steel Plate

Maintenance and Repair of Concrete Structures, SWAYAM

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 Externally Bonded CFRP Plates

Maintenance and Repair of Concrete Structures, SWAYAM

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 Externally Bonded Pre-stressed CFRP Plates

Maintenance and Repair of Concrete Structures, SWAYAM

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 External Post Tensioning

Peter. H. Emmons (1993)

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 External Post Tensioning –Bents, Pier Caps

Peter. H. Emmons (1993)

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