Cardiopulmonary

Resuscitation
CPR

Srushti Patil
Introduction

• Life saving procedure given to those who develop cardiopulmonary arrest.

• Defined as chest compression and assisted ventilation.

• Time interval between collapse to initiation of CPR and collapse to

defibrillation is most important.

• Consists of Basic life support and Advanced life support.

2
 Definition

• CPR is a basic emergency procedure for life support

consisting of artificial respiration and manual external
cardiac massage.

9/8/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 3

 Purposes
• CPR is a basic emergency procedure for life support
consisting of artificial respiration and manual
external cardiac massage. To establish effective
ventilation and circulation.

• To prevent irreversible brain damage from anoxia.

• To decrease immature mortality rate of patient in

hospital.

9/8/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 4

Indications
1. Respiratory arrest resulting from
 Drowning

 Stroke

Foreign Body

Drug Overdose

 Smoke Inhalation

 Suffocation

Myocardial Infraction

 Coma; Of Any Cause Leading To Airway

Obstruction.
Indications Cont..
2. Cardiac Arrest
 Sudden and complete loss of cardiac function.

 Sudden collapse with loss of consciousness.

 Pulse absent(femoral and carotid).

 No respiration.

NOTE: If CPR is not given within 4-6 minutes, death

may occur.
Types of CPR
A. Basic life support(BLS)

B. Advance life support(ALS)

BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
• It is the sequences of procedures preformed to restore the
circulation of oxygenated blood after a sudden pulmonary
and/or cardiac arrest.

• Chest compressions and pulmonary ventilation performed

by anyone who knows How to do it, anywhere,
immediately, without any other equipment.
AIM
To ensure open airway and adequate ventilation.

To maintain circulation until help comes and definite

treatment with advanced life support can be administered.
ADVANCE LIFE SUPPORT
 Airway secured with advanced technology,

 Breathing is maintained with some means of

breathing apparatus, and

 Circulation is maintained by BLS along with:

- IV access
- Defibrillator,
- Appropriate drugs.
Chest compression:

The rhythmic application of pressure

over the lower half of the sternum.

Kneel as close to side of the victim's

chest as possible.

Place the heel of one hand in the

center of victim's chest between the
nipples.

Place the other hand on top of the first

one and interlock the finger and the
finger's of both hands directed away
from rescuer.
Chest compression cont…

In children it is done with one hand

where as in infants it is done with
two fingers(index and middle finger)

Compression rate should be 100

compression/minute with a
compression depth of 1.5-2" (approx.
4-5 cm)

Allow the chest return to its normal

position completely after each
compression with equal compression
and relaxations

Chest compressions: Depress

sternum 45 cm Rate: 100 per minute
 Chest compression cont…

Assess after 1 minute, if circulation present(heart beat

returns back) stop compressions immediately but
continue rescue breathing and check circulation in each
minute.

If the victim remains unresponsive, check the airway.

9/8/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 14

Assess Airway:

Assess for any visible obstructions

in the airway.

Clear airway by removing any

loose obstruction, (mucus, blood,
foreign body) from mouth and
pharynx.

In case of unconscious victim,

tongue is the most common cause
of airway obstruction.

If the victim is still not breathing,

then open airway by head tilt and
chin lift or jaw thrust.
Assess Airway Cont..

- Note: The jaw thrust is a technique

used on patients with a suspected
spinal injury and is used on a supine
patient.

If the victim is still not breathing on

in his own after the airway has been
you will have to assist him breathing.
3. Assess breathing:
Look, listen, feel. Place ear over the
victim's mouth and nose, looking
toward the victim's chest and
stomach. Watch to see if the victim's
chest is raising.

Pinch the nostrils closed with the

thumb and index fingers of the hand
that is on the forehead.

Take a deep breath, open mouth wide,

place it outside of the victim's mouth
making a tight seal.
Assess breathing Cont..

Inflate the victim's lung by 2 full breaths

each breath over 1 sec allowing the victim's
lungs to relax.

If resistance is experienced, then recheck

airways.
Note:
• Avoid rapid or forceful breath.
• Rate:10-12 breaths/min.

Continue the cycle of 30 chest compressions

and 2 rescue breaths until spontaneous
circulation is returned or until the arrival of
medical help
Cont ..
Guidelines for termination of
resuscitation:.
• Return of spontaneous circulation.
• Arrival of arrest team or medical help.
• If the rescuer becomes exhausted.
• When death is confirmed.

9/8/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 19

 Points to remember:
• Assess the victim (look, listen, feel) and if
not breathing call for help.
Compression should be smooth, regular and
uninterrupted.
• The pressure on the chest should be
completely released after each compression,
although the palm of the hand remains in
contact with the chest wall.

9/8/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 20

Cont..

Points to remember:
• The xiphoid process should not compressed because of the danger
of lacerating the liver.
• Immediately start cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
• The victim should be stabilized before transportation to a more
convenient site.
• The presence of a palpable carotid pulse and constriction of pupils
are evidence of effective circulation and oxygenated blood.
• All staff is to be skillful at CPR.

9/8/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 21

Cont..

Points to remember:
All CPR equipment is to be checked at the beginning of each
shift.
• Ratio of cardiac compression to ventilation:30:2
• Compression rate = 100 compression/minute
• Compression depth:
› Adult =5cm
› Child=4cm
› Neonate =3cm

9/8/20XX PRESENTATION TITLE 22

Thank you
Mirjam Nilsson​
mirjam@contoso.com
www.contoso.com