21 CENTURY

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LITERATURE
WHAT IS
LITERATURE?
 IS FROM THE LATIN
WORD “LITTERA”
WHICH MEANS
“Letter of Alphabet”
 Faithful reproduction
of man’s manifold
experiences blended
into one harmonious
expression.
 Deals with ideas,
thoughts and
emotions of man, it
can be said to be the
story of man.
TWO MAJOR TYPES OF
LITERATURE

1. ORAL LITERATURE
2. WRITTEN LITERATURE
- The oral literature which is
handed down form one
generation to another, then
later on transformed into
written form.
- The product of written
literature are called literary
texts.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
LITERARY TEXT
(1)it narrates a story;

(2) it expresses feelings, thoughts, and ideas which

can either be based from the imagination or real
life experiences of the author or other people; and

(3) it delivers significant information and crosses

boundaries of time, places, cultures and
languages.
 TWO MAJOR FORMS OF
LITERATURE

Poetry
This literary type is usually written in lines
and is characterized by having the element
of rhythm, sound, imagery, and form. Its
main purpose is to express feelings,
thoughts, and ideas.
 TWO MAJOR FORMS OF
LITERATURE
Prose
This literary piece applies a natural
flow of speech and grammatical
structures which are mainly consisting
of complete sentences arranged
logically and sequentially in a
paragraph form.
POETRY
 Narrative - tells a story and has the
elements of a narrative such as characters,
setting, conflict, etc.
 Dramatic - This is an emotionally appealing
drama written in verse that tells a story and is
intended to be recited or sung in front of the
audience by a character speaking in poetry.
 Lyric - focuses on expressing feelings rather
than telling a story.
PROSE
 Fiction - a product of the writer's
wild imagination and creative
thinking

 Non-fiction - These are stories

inspired by real events where the
writers aim to present, interpret, or
describe experiences based on facts
 NARRATIVE
EPIC - heroic exploits often
under supernatural control.
Example: The Harvest Song
of Aliguyon by: Amador T.
Daguio
 NARRATIVE
BALLAD - is a form of narrative
verse that is considered either
poetic or musical. (
https://literarydevices.net)
Example: “
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
” by Samuel Taylor Coleridge
 NARRATIVE
Metrical tale – is a form of
poetry that relays a story in a
number of verses.
(www.reference.com)
Example: Bayani sa Bukid by:
Al perez
 DRAMATIC
COMEDY – this form is
usually light and written
with the purpose of
amusing, usually has the
happy ending.
 DRAMATIC
FARCE – this is an
exaggerated comedy.
MELODRAMA – arouses
immediate and intense
emotion and is usually sad
but there is a happy ending.
 DRAMATIC
TRAGEDY – involves the
hero struggling and
meets death against
dynamic forces.
 LYRIC
FOLKSONG – short poems
intended to be sung.
SONNETS - a lyric poems
consist of 14 lines.
 LYRIC
ELEGY – a poem which
expresses feelings of grief
and melancholy and
whose theme is death.
 LYRIC
ODE – addresses and
often celebrates a person,
place, thing, or idea. Its
stanza forms vary
 LYRIC
PSALMS – a song
praising
God or Mary
 LYRIC
PSALMS – a song
praising
God or Mary
 LYRIC
AWIT – measures twelve
syllables or dodecasyllabic
and slowly sung to the
accompaniment of a guitar or
a banduria.
 LYRIC
CORRIDOS – measures
of eight syllables or
octosyllabic.
 FICTION
Novel – long narrative
divided into chapters.
Short Story - this is a
narrative involving one
or more
 FICTION
Short Story - this is a
narrative involving one or
more characters, one plot,
and one single
impression.
 FICTION
Plays - this is presented on a
stage is divided into acts and
each act has many scenes.
Legends – usually about
origins
 FICTION
Fables – deals with
animals and inanimate
things who speak and
act like people.
 FICTION
Anecdotes – merely
products of the writer’s
imagination and the main
aim is to bring out lessons
to the reader.
 NON-FICTION
Essay – expresses the
viewpoint or opinion of
the writer about a
particular problem or
event.
 NON-FICTION
Biography – deals with
the life of a person
which about a
particular problem or
event.
 NON-FICTION
News - This is a report of
everyday events in society.
Oration – formal treatment of
a suject and intended to be
spoken in public