~ BENTUK ALJABAR ~

PERKALIAN SUKU SATU, SUKU DUA,

DAN SUKU BANYAK
1. Perkalian suku banyak dengan konstanta

 Tiap suku dikalikan konstanta

 Contoh
 5(a + b + c) = .....
 Jawab: 5(a + b + c) = 5a + 5b + 5c

 -2(3p – 2q + r) = .....
 Jawab: -2(3p – 2q + r) = -2(3p) – (-2)(2q) + (-2)r
= -6p + 4q – 2r

 3(-4a2b + 2ab2 – 5ab) = .....

 Jawab: 3(-4a2b + 2ab2 – 5ab) = -12a2b + 6ab2 – 15ab
2. Perkalian suku banyak dengan suku
satu
 Tiap suku dikalikan suku satu itu.
 Contoh:
 a(a + b + c) = .....
 Jawab: a(a + b + c) = a2 + ab + ac

 -5p(2p2 – p + 1) = .....
 Jawab: -5p(2p2 – p + 1) = -10p3 + 5p2 – 5p

 2x2yz(-5x2 + 2xy -3xz + y2 – 5yz + z2) = .....

 Jawab: 2x2yz(-5x2 + 2xy -3xz + y2 – 5yz + z2) =
-10x4yz + 4x3y2z – 6x3yz2 + 2x2y3z – 10x2y2z2 + 2x2yz3
3. Perkalian suku banyak dengan suku
banyak
 Tiap suku pada suku pertama dikalikan
dengan tiap suku pada suku banyak kedua.
 Contoh:
 (x – 2y)(2x + 3y) = .....
 Jawab: (x – 2y)(2x + 3y) = x(2x + 3y) – 2y(2x + 3y)
= 2x2 + 3xy – 4xy – 6y2
= 2x2 – xy – 6y2
3. Perkalian suku banyak dengan suku
banyak
 Contoh:
 (a + b + 2c)(3a – 4b + c) = .....
 Jawab: (a + b + 2c)(3a – 4b + c)
= a(3a – 4b + c) + b(3a – 4b + c) + 2c(3a – 4b + c)
= 3a2 – 4ab + ac + 3ab – 4b2 + bc + 6ac – 8bc + 2c2
= 3a2 – ab + 7ac – 4b2 – 7bc + 2c2
4. Perkalian Istimewa

a. Bentuk (x + a)(x + b)
b. Bentuk (a + b)2
c. Bentuk (a – b)(a + b)
d. Bentuk (a + b)n
e. Bentuk (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2)
f. Bentuk (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)
a. Bentuk (x + a)(x + b)

 (x + a)(x + b) = x(x + b) + a(x + b)

= x2 + bx + ax + ab
= x2 + ax + bx + ab
= x2 + (a + b)x + ab

 (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab
hasil kali
jumlah
a. (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab

 Contoh:
 (x + 5)(x + 2) = .....
 Jawab: (x + 5)(x + 2) = x2 + (5 + 2)x + (5)(2)
= x2 + 7x + 10

 (a – 6)(a + 3) = .....
 Jawab: (a – 6)(a + 3) = a2 + (-6 + 3)a + (-6)(3)
= a2 – 3a – 18
a. (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab

 Contoh:
 (3p – 2)(3p – 3) = .....
 J: (3p – 2)(3p – 3) = (3p)2 + (-2 + (-3))(3p) + (-2)(-3)
= 9p2 + (-5)(3p) + 6
= 9p2 – 15x + 6

 (-5y + 2)(-5y – 7) = .....

 J: (-5y + 2)(-5y – 7) = (-5y)2 + (2 + (-7))(-5y) + (2)(-7)
= 25y2 + (-5)(-5y) – 14
= 25y2 + 25y – 14
b. Bentuk (a + b)2 dan (a – b)2

 (a + b)2 = (a + b)(a + b)
= a(a + b) + b(a + b)
= a2 + ab + ab + b2
= a2 + 2ab + b2

 (a + b) = a2 + 2ab + b2

 (a – b)2 = a2 + 2a(-b) + (-b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2

 (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2
b. (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

 Contoh:
 (x + 5)2 = .....
 Jawab: (x + 5)2 = x2 + 2(x)(5) + 52
= x2 + 10x + 25

 (2p + 3q)2 = .....

 Jawab: (2p + 3q)2 = (2p)2 + 2(2p)(3q) + (3q)2
= 4p2 + 12pq – 9q2
b. (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2

 Contoh:
 (a – 4)2 = .....
 Jawab: (a – 4)2 = a2 – 2(a)(4) + (4)2
= a2 – 8a + 16

 (5ab – 3c)2 = .....

 Jawab: (5ab – 3c4)2 = (5ab)2 – 2(5ab)(3c4) + (3c4)2
= 25a2b2 – 30abc4 – 9c8
c. Bentuk (a – b)(a + b)

 (a – b)(a + b) = a(a + b) – b(a + b)

= a2 + ab – ab – b2
= a2 – b2

 (a – b)(a + b) = a2 – b2
c. (a – b)(a + b) = a2 – b2

 Contoh:
 (x – 5)(x + 5) = x2 – 52
= x2 – 25

 (2p + 3q)(2p – 3q) = (2p)2 – (3q)2

= 4p2 – 9q2

 (-5ab + 7c)(-5ab – 7c) = (-5ab)2 – (7c)2

= 25a2b2 – 49c2
 ILUSTRASI
b a–b

a a
a–b

a a

L=a 2
L=a –b2 2
 ILUSTRASI a–b
b
a–b
a

a+b
a
a
a–b
b
a
a–b

L=a –b 2 2
L = (a – b)(a + b)
d. Bentuk (a + b)n
1
 Perhatikan SEGITIGA PASCAL 1 1
1 2 1
1 3 3 1
1 4 6 4 1
1 5 10 10 5 1
1 6 15 20 15 6 1
 (a + b)0 = 1
 (a + b)1 = a + b
 (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
 (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3
d. Bentuk (a + b)n

 Contoh:
 (2p + q)3 = .....
 Jawab: (2p + q)3 = (2p)3 + 3(2p)2(q) + 3(2p)(q)3 + q3
= 8p3 + 12p2q + 6pq3 + q3

 (x + y)4 = .....
 Jawab: (x + y)4 = x4 + 4x3y + 6x2y2 + 4xy3 + y4
e. Bentuk (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2)

 (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2) =
a(a2 – ab + b2) + b(a2 – ab + b2) =
a3 – a2b + ab2 + a2b – ab2 + b3 =
a3 + b3

 Jadi,
 (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2) = a3 + b3
 dan
 (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2) = a3 – b3