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Biokimia Senyawa Fenolik
Biokimia Senyawa Fenolik
OH
PAL
Major types of phenolics
1. Simple phenolics - e.g. coumarins
4. Condensed tannins
polymerized flavonoids
5. Hydrolyzable tannins
made of phenolic acids and sugars
smaller molecules than condensed tannins
1. simple phenolics
Fig. 13.10
Involved in
defense against
insect herbivores
and fungi, some may
have allelopathic
function.
Simple phenolics
Caffeic acid
& ferulic acid
implicated in
allelopathy.
Fig. 13.11
Psoralen is one
of several
phototoxic
furanocoumarins,
(UV activated)
Furoanocoumarins can certain light wavelengths.
(common in Umbelliferae family – celery,
parsnip)
Leaf rolling insects
Fig. 13.11
2. Lignin
Second most abundant compound in plants.
Highly branched polymer of phenylpropanoid groups
(benzene-C3)
- often found in vessel elements,
tracheids, and stems; confers
structural support. Primary structural
role!
a) Anthocyanidins and
anthocyanins are pigments
that give plant tissues
red, blue, and purple
color.
Pollinator attraction
Disperser attraction
Flavonoids continued
b & c) flavones and flavonols
UV absorbing
protection against UV (280 - 320 nm)
insect pollinator attraction
Rhizobium is attracted to
legumes through signaling
by isoflavanoids released
from roots.
Tannins
Condensed
-formed by polymerization of flavonoid units
-common in woody plants
Hydrolyzable
- contain phenolic acids: gallic acid, & simple sugars
- smaller molecules than condensed tannins
- more easily hydrolyzed and degraded
Fig. 13.15
The term “tannin” is derived from the tanning process
in which raw animal hides are preserved by rubbing
tannins on them. The tannins help to complex the
proteins and keep them from degrading.
Fig. 13.16
Decomposition
rate
Lignin/Nitrogen ratio