MICRO PERSPECTIVE IN

HOSPITALITY AND
TOURISM
ROGELIO A. CABAEL JR.,LPT
 INTRODUCTION

Tourism and Hospitality is fast becoming one of the most important social and economic activities in the world. The
number of domestic and international travelers are steadily increasing.
Many countries are seeking to develop tourism and hospitality for its many benefits.
Chapter 1
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF TOURISM
Learning Outcomes
• discuss the factors that motivate
people to travel
• elucidate the realationship of needs,
wants and motives to tourist
motivation
• describe the push/pull model
• explain the relation between
maslow’s heirarchy of need and the
travel motications listed in travel
literature.
• descrice the characteristics of
psychocentrics and allocentrics
• identify the characteristics of
travelers based on purpose of travel;
and
• analyze the travel constraints.
THE PSYCHOLOGY OF TOURISM

1 2 3

TRAVEL AS A MEAN TO RELATIONSHIP OF NEEDS,

MOTIVATION FOR TRAVEL
SATISFY A NEED AND WANTS AND MOTIVES
WANT
 PUSH/PULL MODEL

The push/pull model explains the push and pull forces in human motivation.
internal factors or personal needs=”PUSH” (need to escape, self discovery, rest and relaxation)
external fprces or attractions =”PULL” (scenic beauty, historical areas, cultural events, and sporting events)

Much travel is motivated by both push and pull factors.

Maslow’s heirarchy
 NEED MOTIVE TOURISM LITERATURE
PREFERENCES
Physiological Relaxation Escape, Relaxation, Relief
of tension, Sunlust,
Phsyical, Mental relaxation
tension

Maslow’s Needs Safety Security Health, Recreation, Keep

oneself active and healthy
for the future
Social Love and Affection Family togtherness,

and Motivations
enhancement of kinship
relationship,
companionship, facilitation
of social interaction,
maintenance of
personalities, interpersonal

Listed in Travel relations, ethnic roots,

show one’s affection for
family members, Maintain
social contacts

Literature self-esteem achievement status Convince oneself of one’s

achievemnent, show one’s
importance to others,
Prestige, Social
Recognition, Ego enhance
ment,

Self actualization` Personal Fulfillment

 TOURIST MOTIVATION
THE NEED FOR ESCAPE OR
TRAVEL FOR HEALTH SPORTS
CHANGE

SOCIAL CONTACT STATUS AND PRESTIGE TRAVEL FOR EDUCATION

RELATIONSHIP OF NEEDS,
MOTIVATION FOR TRAVEL
WANTS AND MOTIVES
SHOPPING AND BARGAIN
PERSONAL VALUES CULTURAL EXPERIENCE
HUNTING

PROFESSIONAL AND
SEARCH FOR NATURAL
BUSINESS MOTIVES
BEAUTY
 EFFECT OF CONSISTENCY AND
COMPLEXITY ON LEISURE TRAVEL

“Individuals differ in the amount of psychological tension they can handle. Too
much repetition or consistency results in boredom and a corresponding amount of
psychological tension greater that he could handle.” (Edward J. Mayo and Lance
Jervis, in the Psychology of Leisure Travel)
 BUSINESS TRAVELS

CLASSIFICATION OF
TRAVEL BASED ON
PURPOSE OF TRAVEL
PLEASURE/ PERSONAL
TRAVELS
 BUSINESS TRAVELS

CLASSIFICATION OF • regular business travelers- the cost of the trip is shouldered by a company
• business travelers attending meetings, convention, congresses
- congresses/conventions/conference- a regular formalized meeting of

TRAVEL BASED ON
associations or a meeting sponsored by an associatopm
- conventions are classified into four namely; international, continental, national
and regional
• incentive travelers- a special type of business travel. given by firms to

PURPOSE OF TRAVEL
• employees to achieve more than waht is required
 PLEASURE/ PERSONAL
TRAVELS

CLASSIFICATION OF • resort travelers-

• family pleasure travelers

TRAVEL BASED ON •
•
the elderly
singles and couples

PURPOSE OF TRAVEL
 travel constraints

1. LACK OF MONEY
2. LACK OF TIME
3. LACK OF SAFETY AND SECURITY
4. PHYSICAL DISABLITY
5. FAMILY COMMITMENTS
6. LACK OF INTEREST IN TRAVEL
7. FEARS OF TRAVEL
thank you!