SENTENCE STRUCTURE

SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Phrases and clauses
WHAT IS A PHRASE?
A phrase is a group of words that does not consist a subject or a verb
Example:
after the meal (prepositional phrase)
the nice neighbor (noun phrase)
were waiting for the movie (verb phrase)
The subject of a sentence is the person, place, or thing that is
performing the action of the sentence. The subject represents what
or whom the sentence is about. The simple subject usually contains a
noun or pronoun and can include modifying words, phrases, or
clauses.
CONTINUED…
A phrase is a small group of words that adds meaning to a
sentence. A phrase is not a sentence because it is not a complete
idea with a subject, verb and a predicate.
In English there are five different kinds of phrases, one for each of
the main parts of speech. In a phrase, the main word, or the word
that is what the phrase is about, is called the head.
NOUN PHRASE
In a 'Noun phrase', one or more words work together to give more information
about a noun.
1. all my dear children
2. the information age
3. seventeen hungry lions in the rocks
ADVERB PHRASE
In an Adverb phrase, one or more words work together to give more information
about an adverb.
1. especially softly
2. formerly of the city of Perth
3. much too quickly to see clearly
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
In a Prepositional phrase, one or more words work together to give information
about time, location, or possession, or condition. The preposition always appears at
the front of the phrase (preposition = pre-position).
1. after a very long walk
2. behind the old building
3. for all the hungry children
4. in case it should happen again
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
In an Adjective phrase, one or more words work together to give more information
about an adjective.
so very sweet
earnest in her desire
very happy with his work
WRITE DOWN 10 PHRASES
Behind the wall.
After the war.
Before exams.
For hungry children.
In case it should be different.
Two hungry lions in the rock.
It’s a piece of cake.
Just do it .
Any one can do it.
Its childsplay.
It's not a rocket science
WHAT IS A CLAUSE
A clause is a group of words that consist of a subject and a verb
TYPES OF CLAUSES
1. Dependent clause (subordinate clause)
2. Independent clause (main clause)
Tara ate a cheese roll after she watched the news.
(The clause after she watched the news is a dependent clause. It does not work as a
standalone sentence.)
Even though his mother was a driving instructor, my cousin failed his driving test six
times.
A computer once beat me at chess but was no match for me at kick boxing.
SIMPLE SENTENCE
A simple sentence has only one clause.

Example: Jack and Jill went up the hill.

He Drank hot tea.
COMPOUND SENTENCE
When we join two or more independent clauses we have a compound sentence.

Example: She cooked and he cleaned

Independent clause: She cooked
Independent clause: He cleaned
coordinating conjunction: and
COMPLEX SENTENCE
They are formed from one independent and one subordinate clause.

Example: My mom smiled when I made dinner

Independent clause: My mom Smiled
Dependent: I made dinner
Subordinate conjunction: when
The difference between a compound sentence and complex sentence is that a
compound sentence has two independent clauses and a complex sentence has
one independent clause and one dependent clause.
If two clauses are connected with a coordinating conjunction, it's a compound
sentence.
If two clauses are connected with a subordinating conjunction, it's a complex
sentence
COORDINATING
CONJUCTIONS
The English language has seven coordinating conjunctions. They're easy to
remember if you can just remember the acronym

FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So.

Coordinating conjunctions are important when creating compound sentences or
when contrasting different ideas. Here are some examples of each coordinating
conjunction in action.
SUBORDINATE
CONJUNCTIONS
In English, there are a lot of subordinating conjunctions. Let’s take a look at the most common ones,
along with a few examples from some classic songs in a list of subordinating conjunctions:
After - “Your heart will break like mine, and you’ll want only me after you’ve gone” (Ella Fitzgerald)
Although - “Although I’ve been here before, he’s just too hard to ignore” (Amy Winehouse)
As - “As I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I take a look at my life and realize there’s
nothing left” (Coolio)
As long as - “I don’t care who you are, where you’re from or what you did as long as you love me”
(Backstreet Boys)
Because - “I’m everything I am because you loved me” (Celine Dion)
Before - “Just call me angel of the morning, angel. Just touch my cheek before you leave me, baby”
(Juice Newton)
.
Even if - “Even if the sky is falling down, you’ll be my only” (Jay Sean)
If - “If you leave me now, you’ll take away the biggest part of me” (Chicago)
Once - “Once in a blue moon, something good comes along.” (Van Morrison)
Now that - “Baby, now that I’ve found you, I won’t let you go” (Tony Macaulay/John MacLeod)
Since - “I guess I’ll never be the same since I fell for you” (B.B. King)
Though - “Walk on through the rain though your dreams be tossed and blown” (Rodgers and
Hammerstein)
Unless - “We’re never going to survive unless we get a little crazy” (Seal)
Until - “I’ll keep on dreaming until my dreams come true.” (Charlie Louvin)
When - “When I see you smile, I can face the world” (Bad English)
Where - “There’s a light burning bright, showing me the way, but I know where I’ve been”
(Scott Wittman)
While - “I look at the world, and I notice it’s turning while my guitar gently weeps” (The
Beatles)
You’ll notice that when a dependent clause precedes an independent clause, there’s a comma
between the two, indicating the beginning of the independent clause. However, when the
independent clause comes first, there’s usually no need to separate the two clauses with a comma.
CLASSIFY THE SENTENCES AS
SIMPLE COMPOUND AND
COMPLEX SENTENCES
1. I waited for the bus, but it was late.
2. Although I broke my arm, I still cheered for my team from the sidelines.
3. Our coach will host a pizza party when we win our first game.
4. Olivia and Caroline went to the movies.
5. James grilled burgers, and Patrick made a salad.
6. Since I made the honor roll, my parents let me have a friend spend the night.
ANSWER KEY
1. I waited for the bus, but it was late. compound
2. Although I broke my arm, I still cheered for my team from the sidelines. complex
3. Our coach will host a pizza party when we win our first game. complex
4. Olivia and Caroline went to the movies. simple
5. James grilled burgers, and Patrick made a salad. compound
6. Since I made the honor roll, my parents let me have a friend spend the night.
complex