STRESS AND

ADAPTATIO
KISHORE

N
SINGH
 STRESS
1. It is a condition in which the human system responds
to changing in its normal balanced state. Stress
result from a change in the environment that is
presided as a challenge a threat or a danger and can
have both negative and positive effects. Pender and
Parsons(2006)
2. Stress: In a medical or biological context stress is
a physical, mental, or emotional factor that causes
bodily or mental tension. Stresses can be external
(from the environment, psychological, or social
situations) or internal (illness, or from a medical
procedure).

3. Dr. Hans Selye, one of the leading authorities on the

concept of stress, described stress as “a state of
psychological and physiological imbalance resulting
from the disparity between situational demand and
the individual's ability and motivation to meet those
needs.”
Factors that are responsible for causing stress are
called stressors.
Stressor- stressor are themselves neither positive nor
negative effects as the persons responds to the changes.
 ADAPTATION

• “ when person is in a threatening situation

immediate response occur .those response are often
involuntary ,are called coping response. The change
that take places as a result of the responses to a
stressor is adaptation .”
GENERAL ADAPTION SYNDROME

Stage I - Alarm Reaction

Stage II – Stage of
adaptation

Stage III – Stage of

Exhaustion
SIGN AND SYMPTOM OF STRESS
TYPE OF STRESS
 Distress: Stress from
bad sources
Eustress: Good Stress
1.Difficult work
1. Getting into college
environment
2. Getting engaged
2.Overwhelming sights
3. Winning the lottery and sounds
3. Threat of personal
injury
 Acute stress

Episodic acute stress

Chronic stress
 TYPE OF STRESSORS

External Internal
Physical Lifestyle choices
Environmen
t
Negative self -
talk
Social
Interaction
Mind traps

Organizational
Personality
traits
Major Life Events
 FACTORS AFFECTING STAFF NURSES
IN HEALTH CARE SET UP

 long hours worked, work overload and pressure –

dealing with death and dying
 the effects of these on personal lives – concern about
technical knowledge and skills
 lack of control over work and lack of participation
in
decision making –
 poor social support – conflict with other staff
 unclear management and work role and poor
management style – lack of staff support
and resources
 personal – concern about treatment and
patient care
 MIND BODY INTERACTION

Humans react to threats of danger as if they were

physiologic threats of a person perceives the threat
on an emotional level& the body prepares itself to
either resist the danger or to run away from it. Each
person reacts in :-
 Backache
 Constipation
 Diarrhea
 Dilated pupils
 Dry mouth
 Headache nausea
 Sleep disturbances
 ANXIETY

a) Exercise:- Regular exercises help to maintain

physical & emotional health.
b)Rest and sleep:- Rest and sleep helps the body
to maintain homeostasis & restore energy levels.
c) Nutrition:- It plays an important role in
maintaining the body’s homeostatic mechanisms
& in increasing resistance to stress. Obesity &
malnutrition are major stressors & greatly
increase the risk of illness.
d)Encouraging the use of support system:-
Support system provides emotional support that
helps a person identify & verbalize feelings
associated with stress.
•
COPING MECHANISMS
 Compensati
on

Undoing Denial

Displaceme
Sublimation
nt

Coping
mechanisms

Repression Introjection

Reaction Projection
formation Rationalizat
ion
 STRESS MANAGEMENT IN NURSES

Steps to managing stress

 Identify if you are stressed.
 Identify the stressor
 Identify the reason for the stressor
 Select an appropriate stress
management
 Evaluate
STRAUTADAPTAION MODEL
A Study of Stress among Students of Professional
Colleges from an Urban area in India

Results:
Out of the 1,224 respondents, 299 (24.4%) experienced stress.
Among them 115 (38.5%), 102 (34.1%) and 82 (27.4%) were
dental, medical and engineering students, respectively. There was
a statistically significant association between stress and the field
of education. Stress was observed in 187 (27.7%) females and
112 (20.4%) males; the association with gender was statistically
significant. By applying binary logistic regression, medical
studies, health and lifestyle factors, and academic factors were the
significant predictors for stress.

Conclusion:
Students from all the three fields studied were exposed to stress.
Academic factors were one of the most important stressors. The
introduction of stress management education into the
curriculum could prove useful in combatting this problem.
 Stress among nurses who work at the
intensive care unit

Vivian Aline Preto, Luiz Jorge Pedrão

A total of 21 ICU nurse from five hospitals located in

the state of São Paulo answered a series of questions
about the ICU and completed the Nurse Stress
Inventory. Study results showed that 57.1% of nurses
consider the ICU a stress- ful place, and 23.8%
achieved a high score, indicating the presence of
stress. Stress continues to affect these professionals,
and institutions do not offer any special care for
nurses in the sense of promoting comprehensive
health care.