LA REFORMA LIBERAL

DE GUATEMALA

ASIGNATURA: Historia Agraria de Guatemala

Licda. Irma Gorety Flores

Integrantes
Reyna Yolanda Ochoa Gramajo 202247088
Andi Naomi Mateo Escobar 202247078
Denilson Domingo Edelman Pérez 202248581
Yasmin Analy Hernández Maldonado 202241274
Antecedentes
El General Serapio Cruz se había rebelado contra el Presidente Rafael Carrera desde
1848. Ese mismo año Carrera renunció a la presidencia y Serapio Cruz continuó
con sus servicios destacando en la Guerra contra los filibusteros. Rafael Carrera de
nuevo fue nombrado presidente en 1851 hasta que falleció en 1865. Le sustituyó el
Mariscal Vicente Cerna, quien contaba con un gran prestigio de valor y honradez,
adquirido al comandar campañas en Chiquimula contra Honduras (1863). También
se distinguió durante la batalla de la Arada en 1851.

Mariscal Vicente Cerna

Sin embargo, la situación del país era precaria y el Mariscal Vicente Cerna sencillamente
continuaba la política del General Rafael Carrera. A la verdad, el sistema colonial
poco había cambiado desde la independencia en 1821 y de allí una razón para tantas
revueltas en los primeros años de vida independiente. Había mucha desigualdad en
la población y falta de oportunidades, de esta forma el General Serapio Cruz se
rebeló el 2 de febrero de 1867 pero fue derrotado y él mismo se entregó al gobierno
y salió exiliado a El Salvador.Ese mismo año, un hombre de 32 años que había
nacido en San Lorenzo San Marcos, y que también estaba descontento con la
situación del país atacó con un puñado de hombres el Cuartel De San Marcos en
agosto de 1867. Se llamaba Justo Rufino Barrios. Aunque fueron derrotados y
huyeron a México, lograron mantener el ideal del cambio que había iniciado Serapio
Cruz.
Barrios atacó de nuevo en 1868 con 80 hombres, esta vez en Malacatán. Fue derrotado pero
no abandonó el país. En 1869 el Mariscal Vicente Cerna resultó electo para un nuevo perído
y esto avivó más el sentimiento en su contra. Otro ciudadano: Herculano Afre intentó
capturar el cuartel de Sololá en ese año, pero siendo derrotado se unió a Barrios. En marzo
de 1869 el General Serapio
Cruz atacó desde México la Plaza de Nentón en Huehuetenango e inició los arreglos para
unirse a Justo Rufino Barrios.

Serapio Cruz operaba en el área del Quiché y las Verapaces, Barrios en el occidente y
Vicente Méndez Cruz (sobrino de Serapio Cruz) en la costa sur. En diciembre de 1869, ya
unidas sus fuerzas atacaron la plaza de Huehuetenango. Barrios fue herido en esta acción.
 Las operaciones militares continuaron hasta Salamá y constantemente eran perseguidos
por las tropas del gobierno del Mariscal Vicente Cerna. Hacia enero de 1870 las fuerzas
revolucionarias se aproximaban a la Capital, a unos siete kilómetros de Palencia.

En este lugar las fuerzas militares del gobierno atacaron a los revolucionarios derrotándolos
por la superioridad de efectivo y el factor sorpresa. El Mariscal Serapio cruz fue muerto en la
acción, decapitado y exhibida su cabeza en la capital. Logró escapar su hijo, el Sargento
Felipe Cruz (llegó a ser general), quien de inmediato llevó la noticia a Justo Rufino Barrios
quien se encontraba en México.
En 1941 fue realizada la escultura del General Justo
Rufino Barrios. El monumento se encuentra en el
parque central del departamento de Quetzaltenango,
Guatemala, y tiene una altura de 15 metros.
 01 02 03
Introduction Reconstruction The Gilded Age
You can describe the topic You can describe the topic You can describe the topic
of the section here of the section here of the section here

04 05 06
Comparison Conclusion Activities
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of the section here of the section here of the section here
- Whoa! -
 01

You can enter a subtitle here if you need it

The Reconstruction Era
(1865-1877)
Do you know what helps you make your point
crystal clear? Lists like this one:

● They’re simple
● You can organize your ideas clearly
● You’ll never forget to buy milk!

And the most important thing: the audience won’t

miss the point of your presentation
 Context and background

Mercury Venus

Mercury is the closest planet to Venus has a beautiful name and

the Sun and the smallest one in is the second planet from the
the Solar System—it’s only a bit Sun. It’s hot and has a poisonous
larger than the Moon atmosphere
 Lincoln's reconstruction plan

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is
planet to the Sun and the and is the second planet actually a cold place. It’s
smallest of them all from the Sun full of iron oxide dust
 Presidential reconstruction

Andrew Johnson Thaddeus Stevens

● You can write the description here
● You can write the description here
● You can write the description here
● You can write the description here
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● You can write the description here
● You can write the description here
● You can write the description here
● You can write the description here
● You can write the description here
● You can write the description here
 The Gilded Age (1877-1900)

Mars Venus
Mars is actually a very Venus has extremely
cold place high temperatures

Jupiter Saturn
Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is a gas giant and
planet of them all has several rings
 Technological innovations and inventions

Mars Venus Neptune

Mars is actually a very Venus has extremely Neptune is the farthest
cold place high temperatures planet from the Sun

Mercury Saturn Jupiter

Mercury is the closest Saturn is a gas giant Jupiter is the biggest
planet to the Sun with several rings planet of them all
Awesome words
“This is a quote, words full of wisdom
that someone important said and can
make the reader get inspired”

—Someone Famous
A picture is worth a thousand words
A picture always
reinforces
the concept
Images reveal large amounts of data, so
remember: use an image instead of a long
text. Your audience will appreciate it
 Comparison
Aspects Reconstruction Era Gilded Age

Time period 1865-1877 1877-1900

Devastation from the Civil War, Rapid industrialization and

Post-war conditions
Southern Reconstruction economic growth

Rebuilding and integrating Southern Economic expansion, technological

Focus
states advancements, and urbanization

Emphasis on African American civil Expansion of civil rights issues,

Civil rights
rights including labor and women's rights
 98,300,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 9h 55m 23s
Jupiter's rotation period

333,000
The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s

386,000 km
Distance between Earth and the Moon
 Workforce distribution in the Gilded Age
25% 50% 75%

Industrial workers Agrarian workers Service sector

Mercury is the closest planet Despite being red, Mars is Venus has a beautiful name
to the Sun and the smallest of actually a cold place. It’s full and is the second planet from
them all of iron oxide dust the Sun
Computer
mockup
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 The Gilded Age: 1870-1900

Industrialization &
urbanization

Ranching, Reconstruction & rise

mining & of Jim Crow
farming segregation
 Reconstruction era & Gilded Age timeline

1865 1870 1890 1900

Neptune Mercury Venus Jupiter

Neptune is far away It’s the closest planet Venus is the second Jupiter is the biggest
from Earth to the Sun planet from the Sun planet of them all
 The key aspects

Reconstruction Era Gilded Age

Economic
Rebuilding states Limited economic Economic growth expansion
Neptune is far away Mercury is the closest Venus is the second Jupiter is the biggest
from Earth planet to the Sun planet from the Sun planet of them all
 Reconstruction amendments
Ratification
Amendment Description
Date

Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United December 6,

13th Amendment
States, except as punishment for a crime 1865

Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the

14th Amendment United States, including former slaves, and guaranteed equal July 9, 1868
protection under the law

Prohibited the denial of voting rights based on race, color, or

February 3,
15th Amendment previous condition of servitude. It aimed to protect the voting
1870
rights of African American men
 Immigration to the US, 1871 -1920

North Central
Europe The Americans
Mercury is the Venus is the second
smallest planet planet from the Sun

Southern Europe Asia and others

Jupiter is the biggest Saturn is a gas giant
planet with rings

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 American become urbanized

Urban
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

Rural
Saturn is a gas giant
with rings

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
Exercise 1: Answer this questions
What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?
You can answer here

What characterized the Gilded Age?

You can answer here

What did the Sherman Antitrust Act aim to do?

You can answer here
 Exercise 2: True or False
Instructions: Mark the statement below by filling in the True (T) box if it is true, False (F) if you
feel the statement is not correct

No. Sentences True False

1 The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery … …

2 The Panic of 1873 led to a severe economic depression in the United States … …

3 The Reconstruction Era followed the American Civil War … …

 Exercise 3: Multiple choice
Instructions: Choose the most appropriate answer from the provided options (a, b, c, or d) by
placing a square shape to the correct answer

Which period immediately followed the Reconstruction Era?

A Progressive Era C Colonial Era

B Gilded Age D Civil Rights Movement

 Exercise 4: Fill in the blank
Instructions: Identify the missing word(s) that complete(s) the sentence. Write your answer in
the space provided

1 The Reconstruction Era followed the …

2 The 13th Amendment … slavery

3 The Gilded Age was characterized by political … and social inequality

4 Plessy v. Ferguson upheld racial segregation under the … doctrine

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