Jaringan Komputer Dasar

Network Layer dan IP (2)

Aurelio Rahmadian
Objektif
Pengalamatan
Network Address
Kalkulasi Address
Pengalamatan
The allocation of addresses inside the
networks should be planned and
documented for the purpose of:
◦ Preventing duplication of addresses
◦ Providing and controlling access
◦ Monitoring security and performance
Pengalamatan
Pengalamatan
Pengalamatan
Pengalamatan
Internet AssignedNumbers Authority
(IANA) (http://www.iana.net)
Pengalamatan
Pengalamatan
 Tier 1
◦ These ISPs are large national or international ISPs that
are directly connected to the Internet backbone.
◦ The customers of Tier 1 ISPs are either lower-tiered
ISPs or large companies and organizations. Because
they are at the top of Internet connectivity, they
engineer highly reliable connections and services.
◦ The primary advantages for customers of Tier 1 ISPs
are reliability and speed. Because these customers are
only one connection away from the Internet, there are
fewer opportunities for failures or traffic bottlenecks.
The drawback for Tier 1 ISP customers is its high cost.
Pengalamatan
 Tier 2
◦ Tier 2 ISPs acquire their Internet service from Tier 1 ISPs.
Tier 2 ISPs generally focus on business customers.
◦ Tier 2 ISPs usually offer more services than the other two
tiers of ISPs. These tier 2 ISPs tend to have the IT resources
to operate their own services such as DNS, e-mail servers,
and web servers. Other services that Tier 2 ISPs may offer
include website development and maintenance, e-
commerce/e-business, and VoIP.
◦ The primary disadvantage of Tier 2 ISPs, as compared to
Tier 1 ISPs, is slower Internet access. Because Tier 2 ISPs
are at least one more connection away from the Internet
backbone, they also tend to have lower reliability than Tier 1
ISPs.
Pengalamatan
 Tier 3
◦ Tier 3 ISPs purchase their Internet service from Tier 2 ISPs.
The focus of these ISPs is the retail and home markets in a
specific locale.
◦ Tier 3 customers typically do not need many of the services
required by Tier 2 customers. Their primary need is
connectivity and support.
◦ These customers often have little or no computer or network
expertise. Tier 3 ISPs often bundle Internet connectivity as a
part of network and computer service contracts for their
customers.
◦ While they may have reduced bandwidth and less reliability
than Tier 1 and Tier 2 providers, they are often good choices
for small to medium size companies.
Network Address
Network Address
Subnet mask pattern:
◦ 00000000 = 0
◦ 10000000 = 128
◦ 11000000 = 192
◦ 11100000 = 224
◦ 11110000 = 240
◦ 11111000 = 248
◦ 11111100 = 252
◦ 11111110 = 254
◦ 11111111 = 255
Network Address
AND-ing host address with its subnet
mask
◦ 1 AND 1 = 1
◦ 1 AND 0 = 0
◦ 0 AND 1 = 0
◦ 0 AND 0 = 0
Network Address
Network Address
Kalkulasi Address
Kalkulasi Address
Kalkulasi Address
 Kalkulasi Address
Broadcast
Subnet Network Address Host Range
Address
0 192.168.1.0 /27 192.168.1.1 – 192.168.1.30 192.168.1.31

1 192.168.1.32 /27 192.168.1.33 – 192.168.1.62 192.168.1.63

2 192.168.1.64 /27 192.168.1.65 – 192.168.1.94 192.168.1.95

3 192.168.1.96 /27 192.168.1.97 – 192.168.1.126 192.168.1.127

4 192.168.1.128 /27 192.168.1.129 – 192.168.1.158 192.168.1.159

5 192.168.1.160 /27 192.168.1.161 – 192.168.1.190 192.168.1.191

6 192.168.1.192 /27 192.168.1.193 – 192.168.1.222 192.168.1.223

7 192.168.1.224 /27 192.168.1.225 – 192.168.1.254 192.168.1.255

Kalkulasi Address

15
10
Kalkulasi Address
 Divisi Host
A 10
B 2
C 5
D 2
E 15
 IP address192.168.10.0 /24
 Host Terbanyak E: 15
◦ Setiap subnet harus mampu menampung 32 host (/27)
 Divisi Network Broadcast
A 192.168.10.0 192.168.10.31
B 192.168.10.32 192.168.10.63
C 192.168.10.64 192.168.10.95
D 192.168.10.96 192.168.10.127
E 192.168.10.128 192.168.10.159
Unused 192.168.10.160 192.168.10.191
Unused 192.168.10.192 192.168.10.223
Unused 192.168.10.224 192.168.10.255
Kalkulasi Address
A Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM)
is a means of allocating IP addressing
resources to subnets according to their
individual need rather than some general
network-wide rule.
Kalkulasi Address

15
10
Kalkulasi Address
 Divisi Host
E 15
A 10
C 5
B 2
D 2
 IP address 192.168.10.0 /24
 Divisi Network Broadcast
E 192.168.10.0 /27 192.168.10.31
A 192.168.10.32 /28 192.168.10.47
C 192.168.10.48 /29 192.168.10.55
B 192.168.10.56 /30 192.168.10.59
D 192.168.10.60 /30 192.168.10.63

 Unused 192.168.10.64 - 192.168.10.255

Kalkulasi Address
Kalkulasi Address
 Divisi Host IP address: 172.16.10.0 /16
H 1021
C 512
E 321
A 300
I 60
B 2
D 2
F 2
G 2
 Divisi Network Broadcast
H 172.16.10.0 /22 172.16.13.255
C 172.16.14.0 /22 172.16.17.255
E 172.16.18.0 /23 172.16.19.255
A 172.16.20.0 /23 172.16.21.255
I 172.16.22.0 /26 172.16.22.63
B 172.16.22.64 /30 172.16.22.67
D 172.16.22.68 /30 172.16.22.71
F 172.16.22.72 /30 172.16.22.75
G 172.16.22.76 /30 172.16.22.79

 Unused 172.16.22.80 - 172.16.255.255