HISTORY AND

HISTORIOGRAPHY
PROF. ARIEL L. ABAS, PHD
Learning Objectives:
At the end of this unit the students must be able to:
1. Explain history as an academic course;
2. Apply historical methodologies;
3. Apply theoretical and methodological tools in the study of history;
4. Discuss the development of historiography, particularly Philippine
historiography;
5. Discuss the importance of history in the creation of national identities
and development and make it part of Filipino consciousness.
Meaning of History
a. History was taken from the Greek word iotropia which
means “to learn”. It also connotes past events –
Gottschalk, 1969
b. History is concerned with the study of the human past. It
deals with the past events, the records of past events such
as chronicle, annals, official records like birth
certificates, marriage certificates, etc. – Barnes, 1963
c. History is “mga pangyayari na may saysay sa grupo ng
taong sinasaysayan nito”. – Salazar, 2000
d. History “is the record of what one age finds worthy of note
in another”. It is the study of human achievements. – Carr
(2002)
e. History is not just the past but also and principally the
present and future. History is a forward projection.
It is a social construction of a future reality. For these authors, the writing of
history is a political endeavor.
f. History can never be and will never be for one’s self. It is always for one
person. History is a form of power wherein the direction of the
arrangement of the past is discussed. – Keith Jenkins, 2005
g. History is a dynamic process of dealing with the past in
which the stages or aspects of development are interrelated,
brought upon by the understanding of the present and the
future. It is a collective interplay of events. –Samuel Tan
(2009)
Why Do We Need to Study History?
-History must be studied because it is significant both to
society and people for it helps us better understand
ourselves, our strengths, limitations, and aspirations.
Historical events remind us of the collective experience of
the people, its suffering, joy and aspiration.
Branches of History
1. General history ( political, economic, diplomatic and military
history)
2. Economic history (economic thoughts and economic system)
3. Cultural history (local and ethnic history)
4. Social history
5. Myth history
History and Philippine Historiography
Historiography is the art of writing. It also refers to the
theory and history of historical writing. It is the scientific
way of writing history.
Development of Philippine Historiography
As early as the 1960s, Filipino historians exerted efforts to
broaden the bases of their historical sources, and provided
new and fresh interpretation that challenged the traditional
discourses in history.
a. The Writing of history during the Spanish period
b. Secular Historians during the Spanish Period
- Dr. Antonio de Morga , Captain Miguel de Loarca,Thomas de Comyn,
Paul de la Goromiere, Jose Montero y Vidal, Antonio Pigafetta, Henry
Peddington, Dr. Jean Mallat, Sir John Browning, Dr. Feodor Jagor, John
Foreman
c. Philippine Historians during the Spanish period
- Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, Graciano Lopez-Jaena, Pedro Paterno,
Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Isabelo de los Reyes, Andres Bonifacio,
Emilio Jacinto, Pio Valenzuela, Apolinario Mabini, Artemio Ricarte
d. The Writing of History During the American Period
- Pedro Paterno, Rafael Palma, Trinidad Pardo de Tavera,
Epifanio de los Santos, Teodoro M. Kalaw, Isabelo de los
Reyes, Emma Helen Blair, James Alexander Robertson,
Fred Atkinson, George Malcolm, Joseph Hayden, Catherine
Mayo
e. Historical Writings during the Third Republic
- Dr. Nicolas Zafra, Dr. Conrado Benitez, Dr. Domingo
Eufronio Alip, Dr. Gregorio Zaide, Dr. Antonio Molina,
Teodoro Agoncillo, Renato Constantino
Thank you!