18 Overview Foundation Fieldbus & Hart

OVERVIEW BASIC FOUNDATION
FIELDBUS & HART
www.eni.it
Table of Contents
1
OBJECTIVES
2
INTRODUCTION
3
OVERVIEW FIELDBUS & HART 4-20 mA
4
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
2
By : Jangkrik Instrument
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OBJECTIVES
3
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Objectives
 To introduce foundation™ fieldbus technology.

 To describe and demonstrate how to install and configure foundation
fieldbus control systems.
 To illustrate the use and benefits of fieldbus with examples.
 To describe how to analyze the segment.
4
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INTRODUCTION
5
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Introduction
FOUNDATION fieldbus is a real-time digital communication network designed specifically for

process control applications. It replaces analog 4-20 mA and on/off signals for connecting
instruments like transmitters, analyzers, control valve positioners, and on/off valves to
distributed control systems (DCS), programmable logic controllers (PLC), remote terminal
units (RTU), and other automation systems.
FOUNDATION fieldbus has the smallest hardware footprint of any technology in process
automation. It provides an all-digital solution from the sensor to actuator, completely
eliminating the need for analog 4-20 mA signals and significantly reducing the overall
amount of equipment needed. It also takes the place of proprietary protocols previously
used with electric actuators/motor-operated valves (MOV), gas chromatographs, and tank
gauging systems. Communication is time-synchronized and scheduled to ensure
deterministic closed loop digital control. Multiple devices, each with multiple I/O signals,
share the same bus.
FOUNDATION fieldbus supports long cable lengths to junction boxes far into the field, as well
as long spurs for devices. Fieldbus-based control systems employ two-wire twisted pair cable
and provide intrinsically safe or non-incendive device power suitable for all hazardous areas.
Unrestricted access to field device intelligence enables centralized configuration/setup and
diagnostics for all field instruments, including
discrete sensors and actuators.
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UNDERSTANDING THE TECHNOLOGY
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Overview-
 Fieldbus is a generic term that describes a new digital communications network
that is being used in industry to replace the existing 4-20 mA analog signal
standard.
 The network is a digital, bi-directional, multi-drop, serial-bus communication

network used to link isolated field devices, such as controllers, transducers,
actuators and sensors.
 Bi-directional means it is a duplex port; the data can be transmitted in two

directions at the same time.
 Multi-drop is also referred to as multi-access and it can be interpreted as a

single bus with many nodes connected to it.
 Serial-bus means the data is transmitted serially according to RS232 or RS485

protocol. Profibus uses RS485 protocol.
 Fieldbus works on network structures such as daisy-chain, star, ring, branch,

and tree network topologies.
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Overview-
“Foundation Fieldbus Architecture”
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Overview……
 FOUNDATION fieldbus is an open, integrated total architecture for information

integration. FOUNDATION fieldbus is an all-digital, serial, two-way
communication system.
 H1 (31.25 Kbit/s) interconnects “field” equipment such as sensors, actuators

and I/O.
 HSE (100 Mbit/s) (High Speed Ethernet) provides integration of high speed
controllers (such as PLCs), H1 subsystems (via a linking device), data servers
and workstations.
 FOUNDATION fieldbus is the only protocol with the built-in capability to

distribute the control application across the network .
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Integrated Architecture-
• Management Information Systems (MIS),
• Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), and
• Human Machine Interface (HMI) access the H1.
• Fieldbus information via the Data Servers
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H1 Basic Review-
More Data for Better Decision Making-
• Fieldbus allows “multiple variables” from each device to be brought into the control
system for archiving, trend analysis, process optimization, and reporting, predictive
maintenance and for asset management.
• Fieldbus distortion-free characteristics digital communication enables improved control
capability which can improve product yields.
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H1 Basic Review……
Expanded View of Process & Instrument-

 Self-Diagnostics and communication capabilities of microprocessor based
fieldbus devices helps reduce downtime and improve plant safety.
 Plant operation and Maintenance personnel can be notified and corrective
actions taken quickly and safely
Wiring saving-
 The H1 fieldbus allows many devices to be connected to a single wire pair.
 This results in less wire, fewer intrinsic safety barriers and fewer marshaling
cabinets.
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H1 Basic Review……
Reduction in System Hardware-
 Standard Function Blocks is used to implement the Control Strategy.
 Many control system functions such as AI, PID and AO can be performed by the field
device through the use of these Standard Function Blocks.
 Distribution of control into field devices can reduce the amount of hardware and cabinet
footprint needed.
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H1 Network Review-
 Multi-Drop wire pair with Power

and Signal on same cable.
 Support Intrinsic Safety.
 Fault Tolerant, can have multiple
Link Masters.
 Function Blocks built into Field
Devices.
 Control on the Wire –single loop
integrity.
 Distance up to 1900 meters
 Add Repeaters to extend > 1900
meters
 Max. Of 4 repeaters can be used to
a maximum distance of 9500
meters
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DD and CFF Files-
 Field Devices will consist of: Actual Physical Device, Device

Description (DD), & Common File Format (CFF).
 DDs and CFFs will be provided by the Device Supplier or Host
Supplier.
 Standard parameters present in devices. Option to include specific
manufacturer parameters.
 Parameters and Capabilities are defined in device files –DD and CFF.
 Device files are key to off-line configuration.
 Device Descriptor (DD) File allows operation of devices from
different suppliers on the same fieldbus with single host system.
 Common File Format (CFF) is a file which describes the functions
and capabilities of a field device. The CFF file is used in conjunction
with the Device Descriptor file to enable a host system to configure
the system off-line.
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H1 Fieldbus Model-
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HSE –Subsystem Integration-
 High Performance Control

Backbone.
 Standard Ethernet Equipment and
Wiring.
 Standard Function Blocks PLUS.
 Flexible Function Blocks for
Discrete/Batch/PLC.
 Redundant HSE Interfaces and
Devices.
 Linking Devices (LD) Integrate H1.
 HSE Provides the Open Interface
for Data Servers.
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4-20mA versus Fieldbus-
A H1 fieldbus retains and optimizes the desired features of the 4-20mA analog
system:
 Single Loop integrity.
 A standardized physical interface to the wire.
 A bus-powered device on a single wire pair.
 Intrinsic safety options.
In addition, FOUNDATION Fieldbus enables:
 25 x faster communication speed compared to HART
 Increased capabilities (due to full digital communication).
 Reduced wiring and terminations (multiple devices on one wire).
 Increased selection of suppliers (due to interoperability)
 Reduced control room loading (control on wire)
 Connection to HSE backbone
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4-20mA versus Fieldbus……
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Communications over a fieldbus
Communications over a fieldbus require a fieldbus interface device in all of the devices.
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Foundation Fieldbus
Fieldbus - a digital, two-way multi-drop communication link

among intelligent measurement and control devices, and
automation and display systems.
Fieldbus
Process Plant
P
L
Automation
and
Display Systems
F
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HART 4-20 mA Systems
Advantages:
• OPEN-interoperable, interchangeable
• Broad range of equipment
• Multiple suppliers
I/O • Standard control system interfaces
• Standard support equipment
Shortcomings:
4-20 mA • Limited information

- one variable, one direction
• Point-to-point wiring
Traditional
Analog & Discrete
Instruments
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How is Fieldbus Different From 4-20
4-20mA fieldbus
P.S. P.S.
 Fieldbus devices are connected in parallel on the bus, which carries digital
data from/to all the devices on the bus.
 Fieldbus devices provide almost unlimited information to all other devices
on the network.
 Data have cyclical redundancy checking (CRC) to ensure receiving devices
use only good data.
 A multidrop fieldbus does not have the shortcoming of point-to-point
wiring.
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Foundation Fieldbus Benefits
REDUCED WIRING AND INSTALLATION
4-20 mA
IS IS IS IS IS
Fieldbus
Traditional 4-20 mA wiring,

One IS barrier, one pair
one IS barrier, one pair
for many devices
for each device
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EXPANDED VIEW OF PROCESS
4-20 mA
IS IS IS IS IS
Fieldbus
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MORE INFORMATION FOR ENGINEERING AND MAINTENANCE
4-20 mA
IS IS IS IS IS
Fieldbus
One Process Value Mode, Value, Status, Alarms, Trends
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DISTRIBUTION OF FUNCTIONS
AI PID PID
AO
4-20 mA
IS
Fieldbus
PID
AI
AO
Fieldbus can be used in the same way,

In today’s systems, control but fieldbus also enables control and
functions all reside in central I/O functions to be distributed to field
controllers. instruments.
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Fieldbus is the Next Generation
 Fieldbus offers:
 Reduced wiring and installation costs
 Expanded view of the process
 More information for engineering, maintenance, and support
functions
 Distribution of control functions to field devices
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Advantages of Fieldbus-
 A major advantage of fieldbus is the capital expenditure (CAPEX)

savings associated with cable elimination; multiple devices share
wire-pairs in order to communicate over the bus network and
savings are also available through speedier commissioning.
 Ongoing maintenance and process control system performance are

significantly enhanced through fieldbus systems, which results in
operations expense savings (OPEX).
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Disadvantages of Fieldbus-
Disadvantages of fieldbus compared to the 4-20 mA analog signal

standard:
 Fieldbus systems are complex, so more training needed
 The price of fieldbus components is higher
 Fieldbus test devices are more complex
 Device manufacturers have to offer different versions of devices due
to different fieldbus standards. This can add to the cost of the
devices and increases the difficultly of device selection.
 Standards may predominate or become obsolete, increasing the
investment risk.
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INSTALLATION & WIRING COMPONENTS
32
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Fieldbus Wiring
Terminator Terminator
Fieldbus Wire
Fieldbus Signal
Power Isolation
Supply Circuit
24v Nom Fieldbus Devices
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Fieldbus Topology
Foundation Fieldbus
Topology ‘Bus’
Foundation Fieldbus
Topology ‘Tree’
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HART 4-20 mA Topology
System Conventional – DCS/PLC

Topology ‘Star’
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Wiring and Installation Components
 Wiring
 Junction Box, Terminal Blocks
 Connectors
 Power Supplies
 Power Conditioners
 Terminators
 Intrinsic Safety Barriers
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Shielded Twisted Pair Cables
Several
Manufacturers of
Fieldbus Cable
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Shielded Twisted Pair Cable
Shield with
90% Coverage
Cable
Jacket Two Colors of
Power/Signal Wire Shield
Drain
Wire
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Terminal Blocks
Inside Junction Box

To
Control
Building
Twisted
(Single or Pair
Multi-Pair)
(Shielded)
(Shielded)
Field Devices
Fieldbus Shields not shown

Terminator
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Fieldbus Terminal Blocks
 Screw, plug, or compression (shown) terminations

 Embedded parallel wiring of same color terminals
 Embedded terminators
 Embedded LED to show bus power ON
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Fieldbus Terminal Blocks
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Power Conditioner
 A power conditioner is a power supply impedance matching

network and is required
 May be integral to the fieldbus power supply or external
 May contain either
“traditional” inductors
or the electronic
equivalent
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Terminators
 A terminator is an impedance matching device used at near and far

ends of a fieldbus segment to prevent reflections of signals
 There should be exactly two terminators per fieldbus bus segment.
 Rule of thumb: place terminators as far apart as possible
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Wiring Two Devices on a Segment
J-Box J-Box
T Single or multi-pair cable T
Power supply not shown

T = Terminators, in J-Box Spur
Spurs with one device are limited to
120 meters each
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Increasing the Length of a Network
 A repeater is an active device used to extend the length of a fieldbus
Fieldbus Segments
T T
T = Terminator
T T
Fieldbus
Repeater
Up to 1900 meters
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Maximum Length of a Network
 A maximum of four repeaters can be used between any two

devices on a fieldbus network
 Using four repeaters, the maximum distance between any two
devices on the network is 9500 meters; 31,168 feet; or 5.9
miles
Fieldbus Segments
T T
T T T T T T T T
Fieldbus Fieldbus Fieldbus Fieldbus T =Terminator
Repeater Repeater Repeater Repeater
Fieldbus Network - up to 5.9 miles
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Wiring Using Tree Topology
J-Box
T
HMI Homerun Cable
T
120
Meter
Spur
This fieldbus includes 4 devices and 3
devices on three spurs, so maximum
spur length is 120 meters (next
table)
Power supply not shown
T
= Terminators
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Maximum Spur Lengths
Recommended Maximum Spur Length
Total Devices 1 Device 2 Devices 3 Devices 4 Devices

On Segment per Spur per Spur per Spur per Spur
25 - 32 1m 1m 1m 1m
19 - 24 30 m 1m 1m 1m
15 - 18 60 m 30 m 1m 1m
13 - 14 90 m 60 m 30 m 1m
2 - 12 120 m 90 m 60 m 1m
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Cable Types / Bus Segment Length
Cable Type Gauge No. Max. Length
A: Twisted-pair with Shield

H1 (31.25kbps) #18AWG 1900 m
B: Multi-twisted-pair with Shield
H1 (31.25kps) #22AWG 1200 m
C: Twisted-pair without Shield
H1 (31.25kbps) #22AWG 400 m
D: Multi-core with Shield
H1 (31.25kbps) #16AWG 200 m
Any existing, good quality #18 AWG twisted pair cable can be
used for fieldbus.
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Cable Length Calculation
Cable Type H1 Total Length*
A 1900 m / 6234 ft
B 1200 m / 3937 ft
Homerun C 400 m / 1312 ft
Cable D 200 m / 656 ft
J Box # of Devices Total Max Spur Length**
Spur 25 - 32 1m / 3 ft
Field Devices 19 - 24 30 m / 98 ft
15 - 18 60 m / 197 ft
13 - 14 90 m / 295 ft
2 - 12 120 m / 394 ft
* Total length including all spurs

Terminators and power supplies not shown ** Maximum length of any spur
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Exceeds Maximum Spur Length
J Box J Box
T Homerun cable T 500 m
500 m
No Good
J Box
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Correct Installation
J Box J Box
T Homerun cable Fieldbus T T
Repeater
500 m
500 m
T
J Box
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More Control with Installed Wires
J-Box
Fieldbus devices
J-Box
Three existing T T
4-20 mA Pairs
Three existing
pairs, one used
for fieldbus
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Polarity
 Fieldbus devices may be sensitive to polarity

 Therefore, treat all devices as polarity sensitive until all your
suppliers say their devices are not polarity sensitive
 Fieldbus twisted pairs cables are required to indicate polarity
(color coding of conductors)
 Polarity should be maintained through all connection points
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Grounding
 Grounding rules used in the installation of the fieldbus should

follow current standard practices based on company/plant
standards and applicable international standards
 Fieldbus shield should only be grounded at one point
 Fieldbus devices should not connect either conductor of the twisted
pair to ground at any point in the network
 Shield may not be used as a power conductor
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Summary - Preparing for Fieldbus
 Select appropriate wire type and size for fieldbus application

 Locate junction boxes in strategic locations
 Power and terminate segment properly
 Locate loop devices on one network, if possible
 Avoid
 Segments and spurs that are too long
 Too many devices on one network
 Loop devices on more than one segment
 Series wiring
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Definition of Configuration
 Configuration is setting the control strategy and schedule,

alarms, trends, and link active scheduler, and downloading
this information to the devices on the fieldbus.
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Define Control Strategy
AI-110 PID-110 AO-110
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USAGE OF FBT – 6
ANALYSE THE SEGMENT

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OVERVIEW BASIC FOUNDATION

FIELDBUS & HART

 To introduce foundation™ fieldbus technology.

FOUNDATION fieldbus is a real-time digital communication network designed specifically for

 The network is a digital, bi-directional, multi-drop, serial-bus communication

 Bi-directional means it is a duplex port; the data can be transmitted in two

 Multi-drop is also referred to as multi-access and it can be interpreted as a

 Serial-bus means the data is transmitted serially according to RS232 or RS485

 Fieldbus works on network structures such as daisy-chain, star, ring, branch,

“Foundation Fieldbus Architecture”

 FOUNDATION fieldbus is an open, integrated total architecture for information

 H1 (31.25 Kbit/s) interconnects “field” equipment such as sensors, actuators

 FOUNDATION fieldbus is the only protocol with the built-in capability to

Expanded View of Process & Instrument-

 Multi-Drop wire pair with Power

 Field Devices will consist of: Actual Physical Device, Device

 High Performance Control

Fieldbus - a digital, two-way multi-drop communication link

4-20 mA • Limited information

REDUCED WIRING AND INSTALLATION

Traditional 4-20 mA wiring,

EXPANDED VIEW OF PROCESS

MORE INFORMATION FOR ENGINEERING AND MAINTENANCE

One Process Value Mode, Value, Status, Alarms, Trends

Fieldbus can be used in the same way,

 A major advantage of fieldbus is the capital expenditure (CAPEX)

 Ongoing maintenance and process control system performance are

Disadvantages of fieldbus compared to the 4-20 mA analog signal

24v Nom Fieldbus Devices

System Conventional – DCS/PLC

Inside Junction Box

Fieldbus Shields not shown

 Screw, plug, or compression (shown) terminations

 A power conditioner is a power supply impedance matching

 A terminator is an impedance matching device used at near and far

Power supply not shown

 A repeater is an active device used to extend the length of a fieldbus

 A maximum of four repeaters can be used between any two

Fieldbus Network - up to 5.9 miles

Recommended Maximum Spur Length

Total Devices 1 Device 2 Devices 3 Devices 4 Devices

Cable Type Gauge No. Max. Length

A: Twisted-pair with Shield

Cable Type H1 Total Length*

J Box # of Devices Total Max Spur Length**

* Total length including all spurs

 Fieldbus devices may be sensitive to polarity

 Grounding rules used in the installation of the fieldbus should

 Select appropriate wire type and size for fieldbus application

 Configuration is setting the control strategy and schedule,

AI-110 PID-110 AO-110

ANALYSE THE SEGMENT

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