AIR PRE HEATER

To recycle the heat of exit flue gas back in the

combustion process

Efficient coal combustion and pulverization

depends on air heater performance

For every 20 deg drop in flue gas exit temp. the

boiler efficiency increased by about 1%.
 TYPE OF APH

RECUPERATIVE TYPE- Heat exchangers

without storage.
Example: Tubular type & Plate type

REGENERATIVE TYPE-Heat exchangers with

storage
Example: Ljunstrom APH
 ADVANTAGE OF
REGENERATIVE APH
• COMPACT IN SIZE

• HIGH SURFACE AREA TO WEIGHT

RATIO

• EASY & ECONOMIC REPLACEMENT OF

HEATING ELEMENTS
SOME SALIENT COMPONENTS
OF REGENERATIVE APH
HEATING ELEMENTS
SEALING SYSTEM
DRIVE MECHANISIM
SUPPORT & GUIDE BEARING WITH
LUBRICATION SYSTEM
FIRE SENSING ELEMENTS
DRIVE MECHANISM

• MAIN DRIVE IS ELECTRIC MOTOR

WITH H/C, SPEED REDUCER
GEARBOX & RACK-PIN
ARRENGEMENT.

• EMERGENCY DRIVE IS AIR MOTOR

SUPPORT & GUIDE BEARINGS
• SUPPORT BEARING IS SPHERICAL ROLLER
THRUST BEARING, LOCATED AT BOTTOM
• GUIDE BEARING IS SHERICAL ROLLER
BEARING, LOCATED AT TOP
• BOTH SUPPORT & GUIDE BEARINGS ARE
PROVIDED WITH INDEPENDENT OIL
CIRCULATION SYSTEM.
FIRE SENSING ELEMENTS
• DURING START-UP DUE TO POOR
COMBUSTION UNBURNT OR PARTIALLY
UNBURNT OIL CONDENSING AND
DEPOSITING ON HEATING ELEMENT
SURFACE
• AS THE GAS TEMPERATURE ENTERING APH
INCREASES,THE DEPOSIT FORMED TO A
HARD VARNISH-LIKE MATERIAL THAT CAN
IGNITE IN THE RANGE OF 315 TO 370 DEG
 FIRE SENSING ELEMENT
MOST OF THE HEAT GENERATED DUE TO
IGNITION IS ABSORBED BY THE METAL
OF HEAT TRANSFER ELEMENT NEARBY &
IT IS VERY ESSENTIAL TO DETECT IT AT
THIS STAGE.
IF THIS REMAIN UNDETECTED IT WILL
CONTINUE TO GENERATE HEAT UNTILL
THE METAL OF HEAT TRANSFER
ELEMENT REACHES 730 TO 765 DEG & AT
THIS STAGE METAL MAY IGNITE WITH
TEMPERATURE OF 1650 OR HIGHER.
 FIRE SENSING ELEMENT

• TO DETECT THIS AT EARLY STAGE

THERMOCOUPLES STRATEGICALLY
LOCATED IN HOT & COLD END
WHICH CONTINIOUSLY MONITOR
ANY ABNORMAL INCREASE IN
TEMPERATURE OF LEAVING AIR &
GAS FROM APH, WILL GENERATE
APH FIRE.
 Increase in leakage
 Increased fan power consumption
Higher leakage increases gas volume, so a
higher velocity, affects ESP performance in a
major way.
Lowers measured exit gas temperatures and
unless corrected, gives erroneous boiler
efficiency values
Eats up fan margins, at times limiting the unit
output
 GAS & AIR SIDE PR. DROP

• GAS & AIR DP across APH increased

means poor performance.

• Higher dp indicates baskets choking

• Lesser dp indicates baskets errosion

Factors affecting APH Performance

High seal leakage

Fouling or plugging of APH elements

Ash carryover from economizer hopper

Coal quality

AH soot blowing