TSCH N/W formation

Collision-Free Broadcast
Methods for IEEE 802.15.4-
TSCH Networks Formation
2023H1030087H
Anurag Pal
TSCH Overview

- Acronym: Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH)

- Standard: Defined within IEEE 802.15.4e
- Purpose: MAC layer protocol designed for low-power wireless networks,
especially for Industrial IoT (IIoT) and Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks
(LR-WPANs).
Key Features
● Reliability and Low Latency
● Ultra-Low Power
● Time-Slotted Operation
● Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
● Network Synchronization – PAN Coordinator, Enhanced Beacons (EBs)
● Deterministic Scheduling – Preallocated Slots
● IEEE802.15.4-TSCH MAC Protocol
○ reliable protocol for low-rate wireless personal area networks.
● Formation of TSCH Networks
○ Depends on periodic transmission of Enhanced Beacons (EBs).
○ Scheduling of EB transmissions is critical for network formation.
● Identified Issue: Full Collision
○ Negative phenomenon observed in autonomous EB scheduling methods.
○ Full collision occurs when all neighboring EB transmissions of a joining node collide.
● Consequences of Full Collision
○ Impedes fast network joining for nodes.
○ Results in significant energy consumption.
● Proposed Solution: Autonomous Collision-Free EB Scheduling
○ A novel policy to eliminate collisions during EB transmissions.
○ Aims to prevent the occurrence of the full collision phenomenon.
● Simulation Results
○ Demonstrated the superiority of the proposed collision-free EB scheduling policy by
comparing to two other recently proposed policies.
SCHEDULING IN AN IEEE 802.15.4-TSCH NETWORK

● Deterministic Schedule
○ Data transmissions in TSCH rely on a deterministic schedule.
○ Schedule consists of a matrix of cells
● Cell Purpose
○ Cells determine when a packet is transmitted and the physical frequency
○ data transmissions (dedicated cells), advertisement purposes(chared cells)
● Trade-off: Joining Time vs. Duty Cycle
○ Increasing the number of shared cells reduces joining time for new nodes
○ However, it increases the duty cycle, impacting power consumption
● Cell Characteristics
○ Cells are characterized by timeslot identifier and channel offset
● Absolute Slot Number (ASN)
○ Nodes generate a physical radio channel using ASN which is initiated by PAN coordinator
● Channel Calculation
○ Successive transmissions occur on different physical channels due to ASN increase.
Available methods and Problem Statement
● Autonomous EB Scheduling Methods Categories
○ Two categories of methods:
■ (a) Advertisers consume energy only for EB transmission (e.g., RV, RH, RAPID).
■ (b) Methods with extra energy consumption (e.g., ECV, ECH, FJCQ).
● Methods in the first category minimize advertiser energy
consumption.Preferred for minimizing energy usage.However, they face a
significant problem.
● Full Collision Problem
● Root Cause
○ Nodes' random cell selection leads to this.
Explain Full collision and calculate probability.
Collision Free Advertising Schedule(CFAS)
● CFAS Introduction
○ CFAS is an autonomous collision-free scheduling method where every node transmits an EB
based on its own identifier.
○ collision-free EB transmissions.
○ Optimizes joining time of nodes by eliminating collisions.
● Calculation of Advertisement Cells

● Each advertisement cell has a unique index.

● Cell index calculation based on the node's identifier (id):

● Collision Avoidance Rule:

○ To avoid collisions, each advertisement cell should be assigned to at most one node.
○ The number of advertisement slots should be at least equal to the number of nodes.
○ Consecutive identifiers should be given to the node

● Enhanced CFAS (ECFAS)

Advertisement cell indexing – Vertical indexing
Advertisement cell indexing – Horizontal Indexing
Advertisement Slot Partitioning (ATP)
● Problem: Adjusting the multi-slotframe length to set the EB rate can lead to a
high number of advertisement slots.
● Solution: Advertisement Slot Partitioning (ATP) technique.
● How ATP Works
○ Advertisement slots are divided into smaller parts called subslots.
○ Combining ATP with (E)CFAS increases the number of advertisement cells without increasing
advertisement slots.
● Serial Subslot Number (SSN)
○ SSN is the serial number of the subslot within the slotframe and equals the number of
subslots elapsed since the slotframe's start.
● Channel Calculation with SSN