Purposive

COMMUNICATION
Presented by: Kenny Kaye P. Cabrera
 01
COMMUNICATION
PROCESSES,
PRINCIPLES &
ETHICS
 Communication Processes

Transmission Interaction Transaction

Model Model Model
Transmission Model
Interaction Model
Transaction Model
 Communication Principles

• Communication is integrated into all parts of our lives.

• Communication meets needs.
• Communication is a process.
• Communication is guided by culture and context.
• Communication is learned.
• Communication has ethical implications.
 Communication Functions

1. The Socio-Psychological Tradition

Communication as Interpersonal
Interaction and Influence
 Communication Functions

2. The Cybernetic Tradition

Communication as a System of
Information Processing
 Communication Functions

3. The Rhetorical Tradition

Communication as an Artful Public

Address
 Communication Functions

4. The Semiotic Tradition

Communication as the Process of Sharing

Meaning through Signs
 Communication Functions

5. The Socio-Culture Tradition

Communication as the Creation and

Enactment of Social Reality
 Communication Functions

6. The Critical Tradition

Communication as Reflective of Unjust

Discourse
Communication Ethics
 Communication Ethics

Fundamentals of Ethical Communication

• Responsible Thinking
• Decision Making
• Development of Relationships
 COMMUNIART
In this activity, the class will be divided into six
groups. Each group will be assigned a
communication function. Create a visual
representation or poster that captures your
assigned function. We will arrange the posters
around the classroom for a gallery walk. Explore
each poster, ask questions, and share your
thoughts on how each function relates to real-life
communication. Let's engage in meaningful
discussion and reflection together.
 01
Additional Lesson
from the Module
 Dictionary

Dictionaries are full of information that

will help you learn, understand, and use
English correctly.
 Importance of Using Dictionary
1. It frees yourself from bad translations! A dictionary serves as your reliable companion,
ensuring precise and correct understanding of words and phrases in different languages.

2. It helps you with spelling, pronunciation, grammar, and introduces the word families of such
terms. It explores related words, synonyms, and antonyms, expanding your vocabulary.
 Parts of Dictionary
1. Entry word — the word being defined in
a dictionary, usually set in boldface.
There are words that can have multiple
lexical categories.
HOMONYMS

1. Can (verb & noun)

The can is in the garbage.
The manager can fire the employee.

2. Broke (Adjective & verb)

The broke guy went to the restaurant.
The girl broke the glass of the restaurant.
 Parts of Dictionary
2. Pronunciation — this is separated into
syllables and tells you how to pronounce
the entry word.
The • separates the syllables and indicates how many syllables there are
in the entry word.

Mis•sion, Military, Definitely, Average, Restaurant

The symbol ’ tells you which syllable is stressed. In this example, the
first syllable is stressed.

If the stress falls at the first syllable, it is a noun.

If the stress falls at the second syllable, it is a verb.

American VS British Pronunciation
1. Tomato
2. Herb
3. Vitamin
4. Aluminum
5. Advertisement
 Parts of Dictionary
3. Definition—this explains the meaning of the
entry word. It is usually indicated before the first
definition entry.
This is the word sense. If a word has three different
definitions, the word meaning has three senses.
RUN (VERB)
1. My dog loves to run in the park.

2. She runs a very successful business.

3. The bus company runs a regular weekend service.

4. Don’t leave your car engine running or

try running the computer program and see if it works.
A dictionary may also include other information
about the entry word like:

• Synonyms and antonyms help improve your vocabulary.

Finding words with similar meanings that you can use in
place of another can give you more ways to express the
same idea.
A dictionary may also include other information
about the entry word like:

• Examples of how the various senses of the entry word are

used in phrases and sentences.
• Etymology. Knowing the etymology of a word helps you
understand its original meaning and how the meaning may
have changed over time.
 COMMUNIART
In this activity, the class will be divided into six
groups. Each group will be assigned a
communication function. Create a visual
representation or poster that captures your
assigned function. We will arrange the posters
around the classroom for a gallery walk. Explore
each poster, ask questions, and share your
thoughts on how each function relates to real-life
communication. Let's engage in meaningful
discussion and reflection together.
 02
EFFECTIVE
WRITTEN
COMMUNICATIO
N
Introduction to Effective Written
Communication

• Effective written communication is a

cornerstone skill in academic, professional,
and personal settings.
 Complete Sentence VS
Sentence Fragment

• A sentence is a grammatical unit that

expresses a complete thought or idea.
• It consists of two main components: a subject
(who or what the sentence is about) and a
predicate (what the subject does or is).
 Sentence VS Fragment
• Sentence fragments are incomplete phrases
or groups of words that do not constitute a
full sentence.
• They often lack either a subject, a predicate,
or both, making them grammatically
incorrect and unclear.
 Sentence VS Fragment

• "Although she studied hard for hours."

(lacks a main clause)
• "Under the table." (lacks a subject and a
predicate)
• "Running through the park on a sunny day."
(lacks a main verb)
 Sentence Types and Their Functions

• Declarative: "The sun is shining."

• Interrogative: "Did you finish your
homework?"
• Imperative: "Please pass the salt."
• Exclamatory: "What a beautiful sunset!"
 Sentence Clarity and Cohesion

• Clear sentences minimize confusion and

enhance comprehension.
• Concise sentences eliminate redundancy and
keep readers engaged.
 Sentence Clarity and Cohesion

• Transitions like "however," "on the other

hand," and "in addition" help connect
ideas and maintain flow.
CREATIVE WRITING
In this activity, you will have the opportunity to transform sentence fragments into complete
sentences and use them to craft your own original stories (personal essays/nonfiction) This
is an individual activity designed to enhance your writing skills and spark your imaginations.
The sky is the limit as you bring your stories to life.

• As I reflect on that moment now

• Fascinated by the intricate details
• Overwhelmed by the weight of
expectations
• Embracing the beauty of solitude
• Haunted by a lingering question
• In the silence
• Racing against the ticking clock
• In the midst of the chaos
• When I least expected it
• To live for the hope of it all
 03
GLOBALIZATION &
INTERCULTURAL
COMMUNICATION
 Globalization is…
 Interconnectedness
• No Geographical Boundaries
• No longer bound by space and time
• Professional and Cultural Connectivity

 Interdependency
•
Economic Interdependence
• Global Flow of Resources
• Technological Advancements
History of Globalization and Communication

1830s

The telegraph – electric communication via transatlantic water

cables

1843 – Washington and Baltimore connected

1865 – Britain and India connected
1870s – Europe linked to large parts of the world
1924 – King George V sent a message to himself circulated the
globe in 80 seconds
History of Globalization and Communication

19th century

Emergence of global news networks:

1. News over large territories

2. Global in scope
3. Reached big audiences
History of Globalization and Communication

Electro-magnetic waves

The emergence of organizations with the mission

to disseminate radio frequencies
Dimensions of Globalization

o Cultural
o Social
o Political
o Economic
Impacts of Globalization on Communication

o Virtual Interaction
o Cultural awareness
o Time differences
o Other aspects
 Intercultural Communication

o Intercultural communication is the exchange of

information and understanding between individuals from
different cultural backgrounds.
Variations of Intercultural Communication

• Interracial communication
• Inter-ethnic communication
• International communication
• Intra-cultural communication
 Challenges in Intercultural
Communication

o Language Barriers and Translation Issues

o Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism
o Intercultural Conflict and Resolution Strategies
o Dealing with Culture Shock and Cultural Adjustment
 Developing Intercultural Competence

o Cultural Self-Awareness
o Empathy and Perspective-Taking in Intercultural Settings
o Active Listening and Open-Mindedness
o Adapting Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
o Enhancing Intercultural Sensitivity
The Impact of Communication in Society and
the World

o Increased Business Opportunities

o Fewer Cultural Barriers
o Creation of a Global Village
o Accessibility and Equitability
o WATCH VIDEO and Discussion
o 30 ITEM QUIZ
 o Globalization and Intercultural Communication | GE5

o 1. Discuss the impact of virtual interaction on intercultural communication in

the digital age. Discuss how technologies such as video conferencing, social media, and
instant messaging have revolutionized the way people from different cultures
communicate. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of virtual interaction in
promoting intercultural understanding and cooperation. Provide real-world examples
of how virtual communication has both facilitated and complicated cross-cultural
relationships.

o 2. Discuss the concept of "cultural relativism" in the context of intercultural

communication. Explain how cultural relativism can enhance cross-cultural
understanding by acknowledging the validity of different cultural beliefs and practices.
However, also examine the potential challenges and ethical dilemmas that may arise
when cultures have conflicting values or norms. Provide examples of situations where
cultural relativism can be a valuable principle and instances where it may face
limitations.
30-item quiz about
Globalization and
Intercultural
Communication
 04
VARIETIES AND
REGISTERS OF
SPOKEN AND
WRITTEN
LANGUAGE
 INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION OR
TRANSNATIONAL COMMUNICATION

According to Davies and Yagmur, communication has

become so fluid and boundless. This is due to the
increasing effects and influences of globalization.

Hence, reintroduction and strengthening of multimodal

and multicultural tasks among learners is necessary.
VARIETY is a specific set of linguistic
items which can be associated with
external factors such as geographical
area or a social group.
 VARIETIES OF SPOKEN AND
WRITTEN LANGUAGE
Two factors that distinguish spoken from
written language:
• The actual situation or context
• The purpose of communication
CHARACTERISTICS OF SPOKEN
LANGUAGE

• Spoken language is mostly

maintained in the form of dialogue
• Spoken language utilizes human
voice and all kinds of gestures
 OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF SPOKEN
LANGUAGE

• It presupposes the presence of an

interlocutor.
• Spoken language is spontaneous but
momentary.
• It widely uses intensifying words
characterized by the insertion of “fill-ups/fillers”.
(uhm, well, so, uhh..)
Register is defined as the way a
speaker or writer uses
language differently in
different circumstances.
It involves choice of words, tone of
voice and even body language.
Sometimes, words are no longer
necessary to communicate
effectively.
Five different Spoken Registers
• Frozen
• Formal
• Consultative
• Casual
• Intimate
 FROZEN
• “static” register
• Refers to historic language or communication
that is intended to remain unchanged
• Frozen in time, form, and content
• Formal language that must be said the same each
time we say it
• EX. National Anthem, Panunumpa, The Lord’s
Prayer, Laws
 FORMAL
• used in professional, academic, or legal
settings
• Slang is never used, and contractions are rare
• (cannot instead of can’t, have not instead of
haven’t)
• EX. Sermons, Speeches, Business
Presentations, Annoucements
 CONSULTATIVE
• People use this register often in conversation
when they speak with someone who has
specialized knowledge or who offers advice
• Tone is often respectful (use of courtesy titles)
 CASUAL
• This is the register people use when they
speak with friends, close acquaintances and
co-workers, and family.
• Use of slang, contractions, and vernacular
grammar is all common.
• Ex. Buddies, teammates, classmates, group
chats
 INTIMATE
• This register is reserved for special occasions,
usually between only two people and often in
private, and even between very close friends
or siblings.
• Ex. Husband and Wife, Bf and Gf, Bestfriends
 Important note: some experts
consider only formal and informal
registers. Frozen/static, academic
and consultative are considered
formal; while casual and intimate
are informal.
Politeness is more than
the use of polite
expressions.
Firstly, it is showing
consideration to the
feelings and desires of the
person we are talking to.
Secondly, our
conversations should
make a positive impact of
ourselves.
Lastly, we should show
consideration to cultural
and sociological
boundaries.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF WRITTEN
LANGUAGE

• It presupposes the absence of the

interlocutor.
• It is maintained in the form of monologue.
• It is more carefully organized and more
explanatory.
OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF WRITTEN
LANGUAGE

• It is able to live forever with the idea it

expresses.
• The writer has opportunity to correct and
improve it.
• It bears a greater value of responsibility than
its counterpart.
2 Types of Written Registers

• Formal
• Informal
 FORMAL
• This register is used mostly in academic
writing where strong opinions can be
expressed in an objective manner.
• It is very structured and strict with the rules
of written grammar and does not tolerate
colloquialism.
 INFORMAL
• This register is used between close
relationships and where topic has a certain
degree of casualness.
• The tone is often conversational and allows
for the use of colloquial language. It is more
often used in journalistic but not in academic
writing. (FB GC’s)