CRIME

By: Omotosho Iyebiyelojuoluwa

 WHAT ARE
WHITE
COLLAR
CRIMES?
These are non-violent crime committed by
middle-class people for financial gain,
embezzlement, bribery and identity theft.
 WHY DOES
WHITE COLLAR
CRIMES GO
UNREPORTED?
Often, white-collar crimes go undetected
because it is not clear to the audience
that a crime was committed.
POLICE, CRIME AND
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
AGENCIES.
 THE POLICE

POLICE: These are personnel responsible for investigating criminal acts and catching offenders. They are in the
agencies of social control.
POLICING: The ways in which the police carry out their work such as investigating crime and arresting offenders.
 CRIME

WHAT IS CRIME?
Crime involves acts that breaks a law set by the government or rulers of a particular society.
DEVIANCE.
This is a wider category of behavior than crime because it includes acts that do not involve breaking a law. It includes
acts that can be positively sanctioned e.g. an act of heroism may be rewarded with a medal. Most sociologists use the
term deviance for behavior that is negatively sanctioned. Marshall Clinard said deviance should be used to refer to”
situations in which behavior is in a disapproved direction and of a sufficient degree to exceed the tolerance of the
community”. The most obvious form of deviance is therefore crime. However, sociologists of deviance have often
studied deviance that is not necessarily criminal, such as suicide and mental illness.
 LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES

These are government agencies with powers to make people conform to the law in the are, such as police
forces or, in the USA, the Federal Bureau of Investigation. These agencies are present and should be functional in all the
countries of the world which will help reduce crime rate and ensure national security. Other agencies include:
1)In the United Kingdom
-Territorial police forces
-Special police forces
2)In Nigeria
-National Agency for Prohibition of Traffic in Persons (NAPTIP)
-Nigeria Security & Civil Defense Corps (NSCDC)
3)In the USA
-U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms
-U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations
CYBER-CRIMES

Crime involving use of new technologies

such as computers .
 CYBER-CRIMES

New technologies have led to new types of crime, usually referred to as computer crime or cyber-crime. These
are often the computer equivalents of crimes that existed before the new technologies; for example, new forms of fraud,
scams and harassment. Some are specific to new technologies ;for example, sending spam(unsolicited bulk e-mails0 is
illegal in some countries. As with the other crime computer crimes can be committed by on individuals, groups or
organizations or by the sate. Some cybercrimes involve targeting victims through their laptops such as infecting their PC
with a virus. Others involve use of computer as a means of carrying out the crime. Crimes that use the internet are often
referred to as INTERNET CRIME. Cyber-crime is a wider term that covers all new forme of technology that
might involve, for example, e-mails, forums, chat rooms and notice boards as well as websites and also mobile phones
and other portable devices.
 CYBER-CRIMES

There are many types of cybercrime. They include:

1) Spreading computer viruses and malware.
2) 2) Fraud and identity theft.
3) 3) Internet scams targeting individual users.
4) 4) Harassment by cyberstalking or cyberbullying
5) 5) Cyberterrorism: in cyberterrorism, the internet is used for deliberate, wide spread attacks on computers or
computer networks. For example, an activist group may try to hack into and disable the website of the government
or a corporation.
 CYBER-CRIMES

Policing cybercrime is difficult because cyberspace exists outside national boundaries. The victims of hacking or
other cybercrimes may live in a country different form the offender. Cybercrime is Global and aspects of it require a
global response. But countries do not all have the same laws and they may not agree, for instance on what is offensive
and obscene, and may not cooperate in developing regulations and policing cybercrimes.
The internet developed without any central coordination or control and remains today to a large extent beyond the
control of governments.
 THANKS!

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