CE 341

Environmental Engineering-II
Lecture-5: Design of Primary STP
Wastewater Characteristics
CRIPT-HTC
Considerations of WWT Plant
Industrial Wastewater Characteristics
Concept recall-Jar test and coagulation units
 Concept recall-Zeta-potential

-Electrical potential between shear plane

bulk solution
-Zeta potential is a measurement of
particle surface charge .

-It also define the repulsion forces between

the particles.

-Zeta potential decrease by coagulant aid.

-Flocculation occurs if ZP<20 mV

Thickness of double layer decrease with decrease in

zeta potential !!!
 DLVO theory
Explains the tendency of colloids to agglomerate or separate by
combining two curves of electrostatic repulsion and van der Waals
attraction.

• Decrease in energy barrier is

possible by changing the ionic or
pH environment or adding
surfactants

• Critical coagulation concentration

(CCC) is inversely proportional to
the 6th power of charge; e.g CCC of
mono, di, and trivalent are 1/16,
1/26, 1/36, (1, 1.6, 0.14 %)

3000 mg/L of NaCl= 47 mg/L of

CaCl2
Example

Ionic strength increase, EDL

thickness decrease
Example

Increase in charge
decrease the EDL
Design of Sedimentation Tank
Concept recall-Settling theory
Stoke’s law
Concept recall-Settling tank design(an ideal case)
Assumptions:
-Plug flow condition in settling zone
-Uniform horizontal velocity
-Uniform concentration of all sized particles
-Particles get removed once reach the bottom of settling zone
-Particle don’t interfere with each other

Plug flow: velocity is constant through the cross-section.

 Concept recall-Particle trajectories

-Particle having Vs greater than or equal to critical settling velocity will be

removed, regardless of the starting position
 Solution
(2/OR) (3*4) (3-5)

High settling velocity helps

removal.??
Assignment-2
Concept recall-Pre-sedimentation/Grit Chamber
Pre-sedimentation/Grit Chamber
Pre-sedimentation/Grit Chamber
Pre-sedimentation/Grit Chamber