Measures of dispersion

When we analyze a dataset, we often

care about two things:
1. Where the “center” value is located.
We often measure the “center” using
the mean and median.
2. How “spread out” the values are. We
measure “spread”
using range, interquartile
range, variance, and standard deviation.
Range
The range is the difference between the
largest and smallest value in a dataset.
 Variance
 The variance is a common way to measure how spread out data
values are.
 The formula to find the variance of a population (denoted as σ2)
is:
 σ2 = Σ (xi – μ)2 / N
 where μ is the population mean, xi is the ith element from the
population, N is the population size, and Σ is just a fancy
symbol Machine A
that means Machine
“sum.” B

 9.52 Dispensed(ounces)
Soda 8.01
6.41 7.99

10.07
Range = HS – LS 7.95
5.85 8.03
8.15 8.02
 Two Content Layout with Table
Standard Deviation
Machine A Machine B  The standard deviation is the square root of
9.52 8.01 the variance. It’s the most common way to
measure how “spread out” data values are.
6.41 7.99
 The formula to find the standard deviation
10.07 7.95 of a population (denoted as σ ) is:
5.85 8.03  √Σ (xi – μ)2 / N
8.15 8.02
 And the formula to find the standard
deviation of a sample (denoted as s) is:
 √Σ (xi – x)2 / (n-1)
A consumer group has tested a sample of 8m size-D batteries from 3 companies. The
result of the test are shown in the ff. table. According to this test, which company
produces batteries for which the values representing hours of constant use have the
smallest standard deviation?
Company Hours of constant use per battery Total
EverSoBright 6.2 , 6.4 , 7.1 , 5.9 , 8.3 , 5.3 , 7.5 ,
9.3
Dependable 6.8 , 6.2 , 7.2 , 5.9 , 7.0 , 7.4 , 7.3 ,
8.2
Beacon 6.1 , 6.6 , 7.3 , 5.7 , 7.1 , 7.6 , 7.1 ,
8.5
 Group of Frequency Distribution
A customer at a specialty coffee shop observed the amount of time, in minutes, that
each of 40 customers spent waiting to received an order. The results are recorded in
the table below. Time (min) to receive orders:
3.2 40 3.8 2.4 4.7 5.1 4.6 3.5 3.5 6.2
3.5 4.9 4.4 5.0 2.8 3.5 2.2 3.9 5.3 2.9
2.7 3.5 3.5. 4.1 2.9 3.7 2.5 4.5 5.0 3.1
3.2 4.6 5.4 4.4 3.0 4.4 5.3 2.6 3.6 4.0
 S=
Median = Lcb + I

Mode = Lcb + I

Picture with
Caption Layout
Caption
Add a Slide Title - 1
Add a Slide Title - 2
Add a Slide Title - 3
Add a Slide Title
-4