EAPP

E- english
a-academic
p-professional
p-purposes
 Differentiating language used in academic
texts from various discipline
Writing- is one of the four macro Skills
that a student should posses. It is one
of the media of communication in order
for us to pass in formation to people.
Let us define key terms you will meet in this
discussion.
1. Subject – pertains to the topic of the text.
2. Tone – pertains to the attitude of the writer
about the text. It can be distinguished through
the words used by the author.
3. Purpose – is information that an author wants
to imply to the reader.
4. Language – are the words used by the author
in writing an academic text. Academic writing
requires formal language.
5. Audience –pertains to the reader in writing.
6. Point of View – refers to how the writer tells
the information in the reading text. An academic
text is always in the third person point of view.
7. Style – refers to how the author arranges his or her
writing.
8. Knowledge – is the amount of information that an
author knows about his or her topic. The reader is the
one who can distinguish how much knowledge an author
has in the topic he or she is writing.
9. Explicit – means that the information should
be precise and clear.

Academic Writing- is a kind of writing that can

be used in academic or school
The specific purposes of academic writing are
to inform, to persuade and to argue that
address specific audience or the teacher.
To inform means supplementing a lot of
information about the topic.
To persuade means having the
credibility to make your audience or
readers believe in you.
To argue means making your readers or
audience respond on the information you
are telling them.
Academic writing also requires formal
language or word that does not contain
colloquial or jargon words. It usually uses
layman’s term or the term that is easy to
understand. It avoids the use of hifalutin
words or words that have deep meaning.
Four Features of Language
1. Formality reflects your dignified stance in
writing as a member of an academic
community.
Formality can be achieved through the
following ways:
• Choosing expanded modal forms over
contracted forms, such as using cannot instead
of can’t, do not instead of don’t.
• Choosing one verb form over two-word
verbs, such as damage instead of mess up.
• Choosing expanded terms over their
abbreviated equivalents, such as as soon as
possible instead of ASAP.
• Avoiding colloquial/idiomatic expressions,
such as kind of like, as a matter of fact, sort
of.
examples of one verb over two-word verbs:
• Calculate - James added up the number of
attendees in his party.
• Purchase (someone’s assets) - The large
company bought out the smaller ones.
• Cancel - The teacher was to call off the
noisy students immediately.
• Continue - The meeting will carry on even
without your presence.
• Discover - The purpose of this meeting is to
find out what would be your idea about our new
project
2. Objectivity means that the focus of the
information is on the topic rather on the writer
itself. It should not be personal but rather in
general objective.
It can be achieved by:
a.Avoiding the use of personal pronouns such as
you, I, my, and we.
Poor example: You need to follow
instructions.
Improved version: The researchers need to
follow instructions.
b. Avoiding rhetorical questions because
academic writing should not assume that the
readers know the answer in the statement and
the author should express the information
strongly and clearly.
Poor example: How can these problems be
solved?
Improved version: Certain procedures must be
discovered to solve problems.
c. Avoiding emotive language that shows
biases. Giving an overly favorable opinion
of someone can eliminate objectivity.
Poor example: The police investigators
were shocked to see the outcome of the
tests.
Improved version: The police investigators
did not expect the results.
3. Explicitness- clarity of the writing structure,
clear and precise language.
If you intend to show a change in your line of
argument, make it clear by using however.
Example:
1.It is apparent that the school institutions hope
to provide quality education to the learners.
2. having this COVID-19 pandemic requires a lot
of effort to reach out students.
4. Caution in academic writing requires
careful attention to avoid sweeping
generalizations.
Example:
poor example Government officials are
corrupt.
The statement is not completely true and
the rhetorical impact of the statement may
be misleading.
The statement can be improved through the
use of devices such as modal verbs, adverbs,
or verbs.
Improved versions:
Some government officials may be corrupt.
Corruption is commonly linked to some key
government officials
Writing styles-Way of writing

There are four main types of

writing:
expository, descriptive,
persuasive and narrative.
Expository This means that the author is
trying to explain a concept, imparting
information to the audience. It is not
subjective but rather focuses on facts that
are supported by evidence
Examples of Expository Writing:
• textbooks
• articles
• recipes
• news stories (not editorials or op-eds)
• business, technical or scientific writing
Descriptive Writing means painting a picture of
a person, place, or thing through words. becomes
more effective with the use of sensory images

Persuasive Writing also known argumentative

writing he/she is trying to convince the audience
of a position or belief
The examples of persuasive writing
cover letters, and editorial newspaper
articles, reviews of items, letters of complaint,
advertisements, and letters of
recommendation
Narrative Writing is used in almost every
longer piece of writing, whether fiction or non-
fiction
examples of narrative writing include:
oral histories,
novels/novellas,
poetry (specifically, epic sagas or poems),
short stories, and anecdotes.