Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fma 02
Fma 02
BASIC FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
TWO
2.1
2.1 Introduction
Introduction to
to Financial
Financial Statements
Statements
Companies prepare interim financial statements
and annual financial statements.
2012
X
(Introduction
(Introduction to
to Financial,
Financial, Cont’d)
Cont’d)
Balance Sheet
Describes
where the
Income Statement enterprise
stands at a
Statement of Cash Flows
specific date.
(Introduction
(Introduction to
to Financial,
Financial, Cont’d)
Cont’d)
Balance Sheet
Income Statement
Depicts the
revenue and
Statement of Cash Flows expenses for a
designated
period of time.
(Introduction
(Introduction to
to Financial,
Financial, Cont’d)
Cont’d)
Revenues Expenses
result in result in
positive negative
cash flow. cash flow.
Balance Sheet
Income Statement
Net income (or
net loss) is
Statement of Cash Flows simply the
difference
between
revenues and
expenses.
(Introduction
(Introduction to
to Financial,
Financial, Cont’d)
Cont’d)
Balance Sheet
Income Statement
A business
entity is
Lucy Travel separate from
Agency the personal
affairs of its
owner.
2.3
2.3AAStarting
Starting Point:
Point: Statement
Statement of
of
Financial
Financial Position
Position
Cost Principle
These accounting
Stable-Dollar principles support Going-Concern
Assumption cost as the basis Assumption
for asset valuation.
Objectivity
Principle
Liabilities
Liabilities
Lucy Travel Agency
Balance Sheet
Dec. 31, 2012
Assets Liabilities & Owners' Equity
Liabilities are
Cash Br. 22,500 Liabilities:
debts that
Notes receivable
Accounts receivable
10,000
60,500
Notes payable
Accounts payable
Br. 41,000
36,000
represent negative
Supplies 2,000 Salaries payable 3,000
Land 100,000 Total liabilities Br. 80,000
future cash flows
Building 90,000 Owners' Equity:
for the enterprise.
Office equipment 15,000 Capital stock
Retained earnings
150,000
70,000
Total Br.300,000 Total Br300,000
Owners’
Owners’Equity
Equity
Lucy Travel Agency
Balance Sheet
Dec. 31, 2012
Assets Liabilities & Owners' Equity
Owners’ equity
Cash Br.22,500 Liabilities:
Notes receivable 10,000 Notes payable Br. 41,000
represents the
Accounts receivable 60,500 Accounts payable 36,000
owner’s claim to
Supplies
Land
2,000
100,000
Salaries payable
Total liabilities
3,000
Br. 80,000
the assets of the
Building 90,000 Owners' Equity:
Office equipment 15,000 Capital stock 150,000
business. Retained earnings 70,000
Total Br300,000 Total Br300,000
Owners’
Owners’Equity
Equity
Changes in Owners’
Equity
•Owners’ •Payments
Investments to Owners
•Revenues •Expenses
2.4
2.4 The
TheAccounting
Accounting Equation
Equation
Vagabond Travel Agency
Balance Sheet
December 31, 2002
Assets Liabilities & Owners' Equity
Cash Br. 22,500 Liabilities:
Notes receivable 10,000 Notes payable Br. 41,000
Accounts receivable 60,500 Accounts payable 36,000
Supplies 2,000 Salaries payable 3,000
Land 100,000 Total liabilities Br.80,000
Building 90,000 Owners' Equity
Office equipment 15,000 Capital stock 150,000
Retained earnings 70,000
Total Br300,000 Total Br300,000
Let’s analyze
some
transactions for
AG Lawn Care
Service.
On May 1, 2013, Abel Gidey & his family invested
Br. 8,000 in AG Lawn Care Service and received
800 shares of stock.
AG Lawn Care Service
Balance Sheet
1-May-13
Assets Owners' Equity
Cash Br. 8000 Capital Stock Br. 8000
Cash
Service
Accts.
for the
Tools &
month ending
Notes
May
Accts.
31,
Capital
2013.
Retained
+ Rec. + Equip. + Truck = Payable + Pay. + Stock + Earnings
May 1 $ 8,000 $ 8,000
Balances $ 8,000 $ 8,000
May 2 (2,500) These
$ 2,500These transactions
transactions
Balances $ 5,500 $ 2,500 $ 8,000
May 8 (2,000) impact
impact
$ 15,000 the
the
$ 13,000
$ 2,500Statement of
Balances
May 11
$ 3,500
300
$ 15,000
Statement of Cash
$ 13,000
Cash
$ 300
$ 8,000
Investments
Investments by by and
and payments
payments to to the
the owners
owners
are
are not
not included
included on
on the
the Income
Income Statement.
Statement.
AG Lawn Care Service
Statement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended May 31, 2013
Cash flows from operating activities:
Cash received from revenue transactions Br. 750
Cash paid for expenses (50)
Net cash provided by operating activities Br. 700
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of lawn mower Br. (2,500)
Purchase of truck (2,000)
Collection for sale of repair parts 75
Payment for repair parts (150)
Net cash used by investing activities (4,575)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Investment by owners 8,000
Increase in cash for month Br. 4,125
Cash balance, May 1, 2013 -
Cash balance, May 31, 2013 Br. 4,125
AG Lawn Care Service
Statement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended may 31, 2013
Cash flows from operating activities:
Cash received from revenue transactions Br. 750
Cash paid for expenses (50)
Net cash provided by operating activities Br. 700
Cash flows from investing activities:
Operating
Operating activities
activities include
Purchase of lawn mower include the
the cash
cash Br. (2,500)
Purchase of truck (2,000)
effects
effects of
of revenue
revenue and
and expense
expense
Collection for sale of repair parts 75
transactions.
transactions.
Payment for repair parts (150)
Net cash used by investing activities (4,575)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Investment by owners 8,000
Increase in cash for month Br. 4,125
Cash balance, May 31, 2013 -
Cash balance, May 31, 2013 Br. 4,125
AG Lawn Care Service
Statement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended may 31, 2013
Cash flows from operating activities:
Cash received from revenue transactions Br. 750
Cash paid for expenses (50)
Net cash provided by operating activities Br. 700
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of lawn mower Br. (2,500)
Purchase of truck (2,000)
Collection for sale of repair parts 75
Payment for repair parts (150)
Net cash used by investing activities (4,575)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Investing
Investing activities
activities include
Investment by owners include the
the cash
cash 8,000
Increase in cash for month Br. 4,125
effects
effects of
of purchasing
purchasing and
Cash balance, May 1, 2013 and selling
selling -
assets.
assets.
Cash balance, May 31, 2013 Br. 4,125
AG Lawn Care Service
Statement of Cash Flows
For the Month Ended May 31, 2013
Cash flows from operating activities:
Cash received from revenue transactions Br. 750
Cash paid for expenses (50)
Net cash provided by operating activities Br. 700
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of lawn mower Br. (2,500)
Financing
Financing activities
activities include
Purchase of truck include the
the cash
cash (2,000)
effects
effects of
of transactions
transactions with
with the
the owners
Collection for sale of repair parts
owners 75
Payment for repair parts (150)
and
and creditors.
creditors.
Net cash used by investing activities (4,575)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Investment by owners 8,000
Increase in cash for month Br. 4,125
Cash balance, May 1, 2013 -
Cash balance, May 31, 2013 Br. 4,125
2.5
2.5 Relationships
RelationshipsAmong
Among Financial
Financial
Statements
Statements
Beginning End of
of period Time period
Balance Balance
Sheet Sheet
Income Statement
Statement of Cash Flows
2.6
2.6 Forms
Forms of
of Business
Business Organizations
Organizations
Sole
Sole Partnership
Partnership Corporation
Corporation
Proprietorship
Proprietorship
2.7
2.7 Reporting
Reporting Ownership
Ownership Equity
Equity in
in the
the
Balance
Balance Sheet
Sheet
Sole
Sole Owner’s Equity
Proprietorship
Proprietorship Abel Gidey, Capital Br. 8,000
Partner’s Equity
Partnership Abel Gidey, Capital Br. 4,000
Partnership Alemu A/Mecha, Capital 4,000
Total Partners’ Equity Br. 8,000
Owners' equity
Capital stock Br. 7,000
Corporation
Corporation Retained earnings 1,000
Total stockholders' equity Br. 8,000
2.8
2.8 The
The Use
Use of
of Financial
Financial Statements
Statements by
by
Outsiders
Outsiders
Two
Two concerns:
concerns:
Creditors Solvency
Solvency
Profitability
Profitability
Investors
2.9
2.9 The
The Need
Need for
forAdequate
Adequate Disclosure
Disclosure