Routing and Switching

Lecturer: Mr. Mahdi Obsiyeh

ALPHA University
IT and Cypher security
Borama, Somaliland
 Chapter 3

Understanding File sharing,

LAN, VLAN and Trunking
 index

 Basic sharing and Advanced sharing

 Create LAN Network
 Hub and Switching
 Collision & broadcast domain
 VLANs
 Configuring VLANs
 Trunking
 What Should You Use?

• Use Home Group or Public folders if you have a

small office/home office, all computers running Windows 7
• Use a workgroup if you have a peer-to-peer network that
includes a mix of computers running Windows 7 and
Windows Vista or Windows XP, and you want to share files
between the computers
• Use domains and Active Directory in larger
business environments
 Home Group

• The file and printer sharing solution built in to Window 7

• Once you set up a home group on one computer, other

networked computers running Windows 7 can join the home
group and automatically see the shared libraries and
printers

• Must already have a network set up (either wired or wireless)

Home Group Setup
Turning Password-Protected Sharing On or Off
Setting Up a Basic Share
Setting Up a Basic Share
Setting Up an Advanced Share
 Create LAN Network

local area networks, or LANs, they are smaller networks, usually

within an office base. LAN is used to connect computing
resources, typically inside one building. The computing resources
can be computers, printers, servers, IP phones, or router
Click Network and Internet.
In Status, click Network and Sharing Center.
Choose Change adapter settings at the upper left.
Right-click Ethernet and then choose Properties.
Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4), then
click Properties
Set up the IP to use, then click OK to save your settings.
 Layer 2 switching

Layer 2 switching (or Data Link layer switching) is the

process of using devices’ MAC addresses on a LAN to segment
a network. Switches and bridges are used for Layer 2 switching.
They break up one large collision domain into multiple smaller
ones.

In a typical LAN, all hosts are connected to one central device.

In the past, the device was usually a hub. But hubs had many
disadvantages, such as not being aware of traffic that passes
through them, creating one large collision domain, etc. To
overcome some of the problems with hubs,
the bridges were created. They were better than hubs because
they created multiple collision domains, but they had limited
number of ports.

Finally, switches were created and are still widely used today.
Switches have more ports than bridges, can inspect incoming
traffic and make forwarding decisions accordingly. Each port
on a switch is a separate collision domain.
Here is an example of the typical LAN network used today – the
switch serves as a central device that connects all devices together:
 Differences between hubs and switches

To better understand the concept of packet switching based on

the hardware address of a device, you need to understand how
switches differ from hubs.

First, consider the example of a LAN, with all hosts connecting

to a hub:
 HUB

As mentioned previously, hubs create only one collision domain, so

the chance for a collision to occur is high. The hub depicted above
simply repeats the signal it receives out all ports, except the one from
which the signal was received.
Imagine if you had 20 hosts connected to a hub, a packet would be
sent to 19 hosts, instead of just one! This can also cause security
problems, because an attacker can capture all traffic on the network.
 Switch
Now consider the way the switches work. We have the same topology
as above, only this we are using a switch instead of a hub.

A switch learns which device is connected to which port and forwards a

frame based on the destination MAC address included in the frame. This
reduces traffic on the LAN and enhances security.
 What is a VLAN?

VLANs (Virtual LANs) are logical grouping of devices in the

same broadcast domain. VLANs are usually configured on
switches by placing some interfaces into one broadcast
domain and some interfaces into another. VLANs can be
spread across multiple switches

A VLAN acts like a physical LAN, but it allows hosts to be

grouped together in the same broadcast domain even if they
are not connected to the same switch. Here are the main
reasons why you should use VLANs in your network:
 VLANs increase the number of broadcast domains while
decreasing their size.
 VLANs reduce security risks by reducing the number of
hosts that receive copies of frames that the switches flood.
 you can keep hosts that hold sensitive data on a separate
VLAN to improve security.
 you can create more flexible network designs that group
users by department instead of by physical location.
 network changes are achieved with ease by just configuring a
port into the appropriate VLAN.
When you work with switches you have to keep in mind
there’s a big difference between physical and logical topology.
Physical is just the way our cables are connected while
logical is how we have setup things „virtually‟.

In the example above we have 4 switches and I have created

3 VLANs called Research, Engineering and Sales. A VLAN is
a Virtual LAN so it’s like having a “switch inside a switch”.
 What are the advantages of using VLANs?

A VLAN is a single broadcast domain which means that if a

user in the research VLAN would send a broadcast frame only
users in the same VLAN will receive it.

VLAN can greatly simplify adding, moving, or changing

hosts on the network

VLANs increase the number of broadcast domains while

decreasing their size.

you can create more flexible network designs that group

users by department instead of by physical location.
 Trunking

As you can see we have computers on both sides and they are in
different VLANs, by using trunks we can make sure all VLAN traffic
can be sent between the switches.
 trunk ports
To configure a trunk interface, the switch-port mode trunk
interface command is used. This type of interface can carry traffic
of multiple VLANs.
First we will look at the default VLAN configuration on
SwitchA: By default, all ports on a switch are in the VLAN 1. We
can verify that by typing the show vlan command

Interesting VLAN 1 is the default LAN and you can see that all
active interfaces are assigned to VLAN
Two steps are required to create a VLAN and assign a switch port to
the VLAN:

1. Create a vlan using the vlan NUMBER global mode command

2. Asign a port to the VLAN by using two interface subcommands.

Here is an example of assigning and create the VLAN 10 to the

interface:

switch(config)#vlan 10
switch(config-vlan)IT
switch(config-vlan)#exit
switch(config)#Interface fastEthernet 0/1
switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 10
To configure a trunk interface, the switchport mode trunk interface
command is used. This type of interface can carry traffic of multiple
VLANs.

On switch 1

On switch 2
End