ENGLISH

Resource person: Dr Muhammad Arshad

BBA(ADP) Program

THE ISLAMIA UNIVERSITY OF BAHAWALPUR,

PAKISTAN
LECTURE-II
 BASIC TERMS OF ENGLISH
• A sentence is made of words
• Word is made of letter/s (a,b,c,…)
• Phrase: a group of words that gives certain meanings but not
complete sense
a) A bed of roses (b) Birds of a feather
• Clause: a group of words which requires another group of words to
give complete sense.
a) He said that he would go to Lahore.
1 2
 PREDICATE
the part of a sentence or clause containing a verb and stating
something about the subject
predicate something about verb
e.g. The cat is sleeping in the sun.

predicate
SENTENCE AND CONSTRUCTION
A set of words that is complete in itself with respect to structure
and meanings.
• typically contain a subject and predicate, has two parts
1. Subject or noun part
2. Predicate or verb part
e.g The girls are singing national anthem.

Subject/Noun Predicate/Verb part

 CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES
WITH RESPECT TO CONSTRUCTION
1. Simple sentence: one independent clause
• I like coffee.
• The earth goes round the sun.
2. Compound sentence: two (or more) independent clauses joined by a
conjunction or semicolon.
• Each of these clauses could form a sentence alone.
• I like coffee and Najam likes tea.(I like coffee. Najam likes tea)
• Our car broke down; we came last.(Our car broke down. We came
last.)
 Continue…………
3. Complex sentence: consists of an independent clause plus a
dependent clause.
• We missed our plane because we were late.
• (We missed our plane. We were late.)
• He left in a hurry after he got a phone call.
• He left in a hurry. He got a phone call.)
 CONTINUE……..
4. Compound-complex sentence: at least two independent clauses and
one or more dependent clauses.
• Ali didn't come because he was ill so Affan was not happy.

• He left in a hurry after he got a phone call but he came back five
minutes later.
CLASSIFICATION WITH RESPECT TO
MEANINGS
four types of English sentence, classified by their purpose:
1. Declarative sentence (statement)
2. Interrogative sentence (question)
3. Imperative sentence (command)
4. Exclamative sentence (exclamation, feeling)
 Functions

form function example sentence final punctuation

(clause)
1 declarative statement: It tells John likes Mary. .
us something
2 interrogative question: It asks us Does Mary like ?
something John?
3 imperative command: It tells us Stop! ! and .
to do something Close the door.
4 exclamative exclamation: It What a funny story !
expresses surprise he told us!