CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(CHARUSAT)
FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (FMS)
INDUKAKA IPCOWALA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT (I2IM)
MBA PROGRAMME (BATCH: 2023-25), SEMESTER-I
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS
Semester 1 –
MBA- I2IM-CHARUSAT
GROUP MEMBERS
23MBA001-ANJALIKUMARI GANESHILAL BAGHEL
23MBA002-BANUGARIYA DHARTI JIGNESHBHAI
23MBA003-BERAWALA DHRUMI HITESHBHAI
23MBA004-BHADANIYA RIDHAM KIRITBHAI
23MBA005-BHAGAT NEEL RAVINDRABHAI
23MBA006-BHALODIYA DRASHTI MAHESH
23MBA007-BHARTIYA AAKANSHA AJAYKUMAR
23MBA008-KRISHNEY JAGMALBHAI BHARWAD
23MBA009-BHATT DEVANSH CHETAN
23MBA010-BHAVNANI VIDHI VASUBHAI
CONTENT
WHAT IS DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS
• Descriptive analysis is about examining data to
understand what has happened in the past.
• It involves summarizing and presenting data
in a way that helps people see patterns, trends,
and key information
MEASURE OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY
MEAN (X)
• Mean is arithmetic average value of the dataset and it is most used in measure of central tendency. It is
denoted by the symbol "when referring to the population mean, and "x̄ " when dealing with the sample
mean.
FORMULA OF MEAN :
• The formula for the mean (average) is as follows:
Mean (μ or x̄ ) = (Sum of all values) / (Total number of values)
Interpretation:-
The average score of 17.83 out of 45 means that most students in the group scored around this mark. It's
like the middle point or typical score for the class. If you're looking for what's usual or expected, it's about
17.83 out of 45.This number helps us quickly understand how well the class did on the test without
checking each individual score. Scores above 17.83 are better than average, and scores below
are below average.
MEDIAN
• It is measure that divide the data in two equals parts. i.e. below the median and above it will be 50% of the
data points.
FORMULA OF MEDIAN:
If n is odd number, then median = (n + 1) / 2 and when n is even number, then median = average of (n)/2 and
((n / 2) + 1) terms i.e. (n/2) th value+ ((n/2+1) th value\ 2
Interpretation:-
A median of 17 for 227 students' scores out of 45 marks means that half of the students scored below 17, and
half scored above it. In simple terms, it indicates the middle score in the class, with an equal number of
students performing better and worse.
MODE:-
Mode is the most frequently occurring in the dataset.
It is denoted by Mo.
Interpretation:-
A mode of 10 for 227 students' scores out of 45 marks means that
more students received a score of 10 than any other score. In simple
terms, it tells us that 10 is the most common score in the class.
PIE CHART
MEASURE OF CENTRAL
TENDENCY
17.839207
10 0484582
17
MEAN MEDIAN MODE
MEASURES OF VARIATION
RANGE:-
• Range is the difference between the maximum and minimum
values of the data in the sample.
Interpretation :-
A range of 42 for 227 students' scores out of 45 marks means that scores
vary widely. In simple terms, some students scored as low as 3 marks, while
others achieved a high of 45 marks, showing a big difference in performance
within the class.
VARIANCE:-
• Variance is a measure of variability in the data from the
mean value of the data. STANDARD DEVIATION:-
A population standard deviation of
10.46 out of 45 marks means that the
POPULATION VARIANCE: scores in the population have a lot of
A population variance of 109.31 out of 45 marks means variation. Some students have marks
that the scores in the population have a high level of significantly higher or lower than the
variation. Some students have marks that are average. In simpler terms, it shows that
significantly different from the average. This indicates a there's a wide range of performance
wide range of performance levels among the students, levels among the students, and it's not
very consistent.
with a lot of variability in their marks. It suggests that the
performance of students in this population is diverse and
not very consistent.
SAMPLE VARIANCE:-
The sample variance is a measure of how data points in a
sample deviate from the sample's mean, providing a STANDARD DEVIATION:-
quantification of the data's spread or variability. A standard deviation of 10.48 for 227
students' scores out of 45 marks means
Interpretation:- that there is quite a bit of variation in
the students' scores. In simple terms, it
A sample variance of 109.80 for 227 students' scores out of suggests that the students' scores are
45 marks means there is a notable amount of variation in the spread out over a wide range, with some
students' scores. In simple terms, it shows that the students' students scoring much higher and some
scores vary quite a bit, with some scoring significantly much lower than the class average.
higher and others significantly lower
compared to the average.
MEASURES OF SHAPE
SKEWNESS
Skewness is a measure of symmetry, or lack of it.
Interpretation :-
A skewness of 0.32 for 227 students' scores out of 45 marks
indicates that the distribution of scores is slightly skewed to the
right. In simple terms, it means that more students scored on the
lower end of the scale, closer to 45 marks, and fewer students
achieved high scores.
Kurtosis
Kurtosis goes by the shape of the tail – that is, whether the tail of the data distribution is heavy or light.
Interpretation:-
A kurtosis of -0.76 for 227 students' scores out of 45 marks suggests that the
distribution of scores is flatter and less peaked than a typical distribution. In
simple terms, it means that there is a more even spread of scores without an
extreme concentration of high or low scores in the class.
PERCENTILE
• Percentile score is used in educational sector
to identify the position of a potential student
in the group.
• It is denoted by Px
