SOCIAL, POLITICAL,

ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL

ISSUES IN PHILIPPINE
HISTORY
 Vocabulary:

• Encomienda System - a form of forced and unpaid labor used

by Spanish authorities and settlers in the colonies of the
Spanish Empire.
• Feudalism - an agriculture-based economic system where
most farmers or peasants don't own land and are forced to
work for a landlord.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(Pre-Colonial Times: Before 16th Century)

• Before the coming of the Spaniards, the natives enjoyed the

fruits of the lands of the Philippines. They tilled the lands and
lived in abundance since the lands were fertile and every
plant could grow. Food was sufficient and no native went
hungry.
• Everyone regardless of status had access on the land and
mutually shares resources to the rest of the community.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(Pre-Colonial Times: Before 16th Century)

• The only recorded transaction of land sale during that time

was the Maragtas Code. This is the selling of the Panay Island
to the ten Bornean datus in exchange for a golden salakot
and a long necklace.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(Spanish Era: 1521-1896)
• When the Spanish came to the country in 1521, they
introduced “pueblo”, an agriculture system wherein the
native rural communities were organized into pueblo and
each Christianized native family is given out 4-5 hectares of
land to cultivate.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(Spanish Era: 1521-1896)
• The economy was opened to the world market as exporter of
raw materials and importer of finished goods. The
agricultural exports were mandated and hacienda system
was developed as a new form of ownership. More people
lost their lands and were forced to become tillers.
• Encomienda system
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(Spanish Era: 1521-1896)
• The Spanish crown implemented the laws of the Indies –
encomienda system ---- the law awarded vast tracts of land
to the religious orders (to churches) in the country. Some of
them were awarded to the Spanish military as reward for
their service (also known as repartiamentos), and to the
other Spaniards known as encomienderos to manage and
have the right to receive tributes from the natives tilling the
land also known as encomiendas.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(Spanish Era: 1521-1896)
• Compras y vandalas system – tillers were made to
compulsory sell at a very low price or surrender their
agricultural harvests to Spanish authorities where
encomienderos can resell it for a profit.
• People of the encomiendas were also required to render
personal services on public and religious work and as a
household help to the encomienderos.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(Spanish Era: 1521-1896)
• In 1865, there was a law made by the Spanish crown ordering
landholders to register their landholdings but only a few were
aware of this decree so they were the only ones who were able
to register their lands.
• Ancestral lands were claimed and registered in other people’s
names (Spanish officials, local chieftains, etc.). As a result,
many peasant families were driven out from the lands they
have been cultivating for centuries or were forced to become
tillers.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(Spanish Era: 1521-1896)
• In 1893, the Ley Hipotecaria or the Mortgage Law was
introduced that provides the systematic registration of titles
and deeds as well as ownership claims. This law was mainly
a law on registration of properties rather than a mortgage
law.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(Spanish Era: 1521-1896)
• In 1894, the last Spanish land law promulgated in the
Philippines was the Maura Law or Royal Decree of 1894. This
law states that farmers and landholders were given one year to
register their agricultural lands to avoid declaration of it as a
state property.
• In 1896, the government confiscated the large landed states,
especially the friar lands and declared these lands as properties
of the government (Malolos Constitution, 1896, Article XVII)
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(American Era: 1898-1935)
• The Philippine Bill of 1902 was passed which provided
regulations on the disposal of public lands wherein a private
individual can own 16 hectares of land while the corporate
land holdings can avail of 1,024 hectares. This also gave the
rights to Americans to own agricultural lands.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(American Era: 1898-1935)
• The Torrens system was introduced. This was made to
replace the land registration system that was implemented
by the Spaniards.
• The reason why they made a different system of registration
was that some 400,000 native farmers were without titles at
the start of the American era and this situation was also
aggravated by the absence of records of issued titles and
accurate land surveys.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(American Era: 1898-1935)
• The Land Registration Act of 1902 or Act No. 496 placed all
private and public lands under Torrens system. While the
Cadastral Act or Act No. 2259 speeds up the issuance of
Torrens titles. This was done by surveying the municipality
and presented the result to the land registration court.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(American Era: 1898-1935)
• A program called the Homestead Program was introduced in
1903 that allowed an enterprising tenant to acquire a farm of
at least 16 hectares to cultivate. However, the program was
not implemented nationwide and was introduced only in
some parts of Mindanao and Northern Luzon, where there
were available public alienable and disposable lands.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(American Era: 1898-1935)
Other Agrarian Laws:
• First Public Land Act or Act No. 926 – provided rules and
regulations for selling and leasing portions of the public
domain, completing defective Spanish land titles, canceling
and confirming Spanish Concessions.
• Second Public Land Act od 1919 or Act 2874 – which limits
the use of agricultural lands to Filipinos, Americans, and
citizens of other countries
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(American Era: 1898-1935)
Other Agrarian Laws:
• Act No. 141 – amended the Second Public Act of 1919 or Act
2874, the revision consists of a temporary provision of
equality on the rights of American and Filipino citizens and
corporations. It also compiled all pre-existing laws relative to
public lands a single instrument.
• Friar Land Act or Act No. 1120 – provided the administrative
and temporary leasing and selling of friar lands to its tillers.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(American Era: 1898-1935)
Other Agrarian Laws:
• Rice Share Tenancy Act of 1933 or Act No. 4054 – the first
legislation regulating the relationship of landlord and
tenants, and the first law to legalize a 50-50 crop sharing
arrangement.
• Sugarcane Tenancy Contracts Act of 1933 or Act No. 4113 –
regulated the relationship of landlord and tenants in the
sugarcane fields and required tenancy contracts on land
planted to sugarcane.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(American Era: 1898-1935)
• As a result, there were widespread peasant uprisings headed
by the armed peasants’ group known as Colorum (Luzon)
and Sakdalista (Northeastern Mindanao).
• These uprisings resulted to social disorder in 1920’s and
1930’s. hence, more militant peasants and workers’
organizations bonded together for a more collective action
against the abuses of landlords and unjust land ownership
situation. This gave birth to the Communist Party of the
Philippines.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(Commonwealth Years: 1935-1942)
• During these years landlords became richer and powerful
while the tenants were deprived of their rights, became
poorer and absentee landowners increased. They preferred
to go after new opportunities in the cities and left their farms
idle to the management of “katiwalas”. As a result, haciendas
were poorly and unjustly managed.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(Commonwealth Years: 1935-1942)
• A small plot of land cultivated by an average peasant farmer
could not sustain a decent living for his family. Tenants and
farmers shouldered excessive fines, unfair taxation and
usury. Systems for credit and marketing of rice were lacking
thus, farmers received a very low selling price.
• Consequently, peasant uprising became widespread all over
the country.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(Commonwealth Years: 1935-1942)
• As a response to these situations, the government under the
stewardship of Pres. Manuel L. Quezon realized that land
reform programs should be implemented immediately.
• They saw the purchase of friar lands as a possible way to
solve the problem of inequitable land ownership.
• They also saw that the Homestead Program could be
transformed into a massive resettlement program if properly
implemented.
 LAND REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
(Japanese Era: 1942-1945)
• During the Japanese occupation, peasants and workers
organized the HUKBALAHAP (Hukbong Bayan Laban sa mga
Hapon) on March 29, 1942, as an anti-Japanese group. They
took over vast tracts of land and gave the land to the people.
• Landlords were overpowered by the peasants but
unfortunately at the end of the war, through the help of the
military police and civilian guards, landlords were able to
retrieve their lands from the HUKBALAHAP.
Evolution of Initiatives on
Land Reforms
Manuel L. Quezon’s Administration

• 50-50 share between landlord and

1. tenant with corresponding support
RA 4054/ to tenants protecting them against
RICE abuses of landlords.
TENANCY
LAW
Manuel L. Quezon’s Administration
• Specified that dismissal of a tenant
2. should first have the approval of
Tenancy Division of the Department
COMMONWEA of Justice.
LTH ACT NO.
461
Manuel L. Quezon’s Administration
• Was enacted to establish security of
3. tenure between landlord and tenant.
COMMONWEA • It prohibited the common practice
LTH ACT NO. among landowners of ejecting
tenants without clear legal grounds.
608
 Manuel L. Quezon
• Was set up to exercise jurisdiction
4. over disagreements arising from
COURT OF agri-workers and landowner
INDUSTRIAL relationship.
RELATIONS • It was also during this time that the
(CIR) Rice Tenancy Act (Act No. 4054) was
amended.
 Manuel L. Quezon
• Continued through the creation of
5. the National Land Settlement
HOMESTEAD Administration (CA No. 441) and
tenancy problems were covered
PROGRAM through CA Nos. 461 and 608.
 Manuel Roxas’ Administration
(1946-1948)

• 70-30 sharing arrangement between

tenant and landlord.
REPUBLIC • The 70% of the harvest will go to the
ACT NO. 34 person who shouldered the
expenses for planting, harvesting,
and for the work animals.
 Manuel Roxas’ Administration
(1946-1948)

• He also negotiated for the purchase of 8,000 hectares of

lands in Batangas owned by Ayala-Zobel family. These were
sold to landless farmers.
• However, due to lack of support facilities, the farmers were
forced to resell their lands to the landowning class.
 Elpidio Quirino’s Administration
(1948-1953)
EXECUTIVE
ORDER NO. • Was established to accelerate and
355/ expand the peasant resettlement
THE LAND program of the government.
SETTLEMENT However, due to limited post-war
DEVELOPMENT resources, the program was not
CORPORATION successful.
(LASEDECO)
 Ramon Magsaysay’s Administration
(1953-1957)
1.
R.A. NO. 1199 • Governed the relationship between
(1954) landholders and tenant-farmers.
AGRICULTUR • This law helped protect the tenure
AL TENANCY rights of tenant tillers and enforced
ACT fair tenancy practices.
 Ramon Magsaysay’s Administration
(1953-1957)

• Free distribution of resettlement and

2. rehabilitation of agricultural land and
R.A. NO. 1160 an Act establishing the National
(1954) Resettlement and Rehabilitation
NARRA Administration (NARRA).
 Ramon Magsaysay’s Administration
(1953-1957)

3. • Also known as “Land of the

R.A. NO. 1400 Landless” Program which sought
improvement in land tenure and
(1955) guaranteed the expropriation of all
LAND tenanted landed estates.
REFORM ACT
 Ramon Magsaysay’s Administration
(1953-1957)

• Expropriation of Hacienda del

4. Rosario, situated at Valdefuente,
R.A. NO. 1266 Cabanatuan City.
(1955)
 Ramon Magsaysay’s Administration
(1953-1957)
• He implemented the Agricultural Tenancy Act by
establishing the Court of Agricultural Relations in 1955 to
improve the tenancy security, fix the land rentals on
tenanted farms and to resolve many land disputes filed by
the landowners and peasant organizations.
• He also created the Agricultural Tenancy Commission to
administer problems arising from tenancy. Through this
commission, about 28,000 hectares were issued to settlers.
 Ramon Magsaysay’s Administration
(1953-1957)
• Under President Magsaysay, the Agricultural Credit and
Cooperative Financing Administration (ACCFA) was created
– this is a government agency formed to provide warehouse
facilities and assist farmers market their products and
established the organization of the Farmers Cooperatives and
Marketing Associations (FACOMAs).
 Ramon Magsaysay’s Administration
(1953-1957)
• With the passing of R.A. 1160 of 1954, Pres. Magsaysay
pursued the resettlement program through National
Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA).
• This law established the government’s resettlement program
and accelerated the free distribution of agricultural lands to
landless tenants and farmers.
• It particularly aimed to convince members of the
HUKBALAHAP movement to return to a peaceful life by
giving them home lots and farmlands.
 Ramon Magsaysay’s Administration
(1953-1957)
• This administration also spearheaded the establishment of
the Agricultural and Industrial Bank to provide easier terms
in applying for homestead and other farmlands.
• With all the programs and bills passed under his
administration, out of the targeted 300 haciendas for
distribution, only 41 were distributed after its 7 years of
implementation. This was due to lack of funds and
inadequate support services provided for these programs.
 Carlos P. Garcia’s Administration
(1957-1961)
• There was no legislation passed in President Carlos Garcia’s
term, but he continued to implement the land reform
programs of President Magsaysay.
 Diosdado Macapagal’s Administration
(1961-1965)
• R.A. No. 3844 was enacted on August 8, 1963. this was
considered to be the most comprehensive piece of agrarian
reform legislation ever enacted in the country that time.
Because of this, Pres. Macapagal was considered as the “Father
of Agrarian Reform.”
• This act was piloted on the provinces of Pangasinan, Bulacan,
Nueva Ecija, Pampanga, Tarlac, Occidental Mindoro, Camarines
Sur, and Misamis Oriental. It acquired a total of 18,247.06
hectares or 99.29% out of the total scope of 18,377.05
hectares. The program benefited 7,466 farmers.
 Ferdinand Marcos’ Administration
(1965-1986)
• R.A. No. 6389 governed the implementation of agrarian
reforms in the Philippines – this law instituted the Code
Agrarian Reforms and significantly amended several
provisions of Agricultural Land Reform Code or R.A. 3844 of
Pres. Macapagal. It created the Department of Agrarian
Reform, a separate administrative agency for agrarian
reform, replacing the Land Authority.
 Ferdinand Marcos’ Administration
(1965-1986)
• R.A. No. 6930 was enacted to accelerate the implementation
of the agrarian reform program in the fields of land
acquisition and agricultural credit. Through the code, an AR
Special Account in the General Fund was created that
exclusively finance the agrarian reform program.
 Ferdinand Marcos’ Administration
(1965-1986)
• The core of the Agrarian Reform Program of Pres. Marcos
was Presidential Decree No. 2. proclaiming the entire
country as a land reform area and Presidential Decree No.
27, decreeing the emancipation of tenants from the bondage
of soil. Transferring to them the ownership of the land they
till and providing the needed instruments and mechanisms.
 Ferdinand Marcos’ Administration
(1965-1986)
• The Agrarian Reform Program was also labeled as
“revolutionary” by some sectors because it was pursued
under Martial Law and intended to make quick changes
without going through legislature or technical processes and
another reason is that it was the only law in the Philippines
ever done in handwriting.
 Corazon Aquino’s Administration
(1986-1992)
• The 1987 Constitution set the direction of agrarian reform in
the Aquino administration. The 1987 Constitution affirmed
that “The State shall promote comprehensive rural
development and agrarian reform” (Article 2, Section 21).
 Corazon Aquino’s Administration
(1986-1992)
• This instituted the Comprehensive
Agrarian reform Program (CARP) as
1. a major program of the
PROCLAMATI government.
ON 131 • It provided for a special fund known
CARP as the Agrarian Reform Fund (ARF)
in the amount of 60 billion pesos to
cover the estimated cost of the
program for the period 1987-1997.
 Corazon Aquino’s Administration
(1986-1992)

2. • This recognized the Department of

EXECUTIVE Agrarian Reform (DAR) and
ORDER 129 expanded its power and operations.
DAR
 Corazon Aquino’s Administration
(1986-1992)
• This declared full ownership of the
land qualified farmer-beneficiaries
3. covered by P.D. 27. It also regulated
EXECUTIVE the value of remaining rice and corn
ORDER 228 lands for coverage provided for the
manner of payment by the farmer-
beneficiaries and the mode of
compensation to the landowners.
 Corazon Aquino’s Administration
(1986-1992)
• Provided the administrative
processes for land registration or
4. LISTASAKA program, acquisition of
EXECUTIVE private land and compensation
ORDER 229 procedures for landowners.
• It specified the structure and
functions of units that will
coordinate and supervise the
implementation of the program.
 Corazon Aquino’s Administration
(1986-1992)
5.
R.A. 6657/ • Is an act instituting a
COMPREHENS comprehensive agrarian reform
IVE program to promote social justice
AGRARIAN and industrialization, providing the
mechanism for its implementation
REFORM LAW and for other purposes.
 Corazon Aquino’s Administration
(1986-1992)
• This gave the Land Bank of the
Philippines the primary
1. responsibility for the land valuation
E.O. NO. 405 function in order for DAAR to
concentrate its efforts on the
identification of landholdings and
beneficiaries, the distribution of
acquired lands and the other sub-
components of the program.
 Corazon Aquino’s Administration
(1986-1992)
• Emphasized that CARP is central to
the government’s effort to hasten
2. countryside agro-industrial
E.O. NO. 406 development and directed
implementing agencies to align
their respective programs and
projects with CARP.
 Corazon Aquino’s Administration
(1986-1992)
• Directed all government financing
institutions (GFIs) and government
3. owned and controlled corporations
E.O. NO. 407 (GOCCs) to immediately transfer to
DAR all their landholdings suitable
for agriculture.
 Corazon Aquino’s Administration
(1986-1992)
• Pursued the policy that government
should lead the efforts In placing
4. lands for coverage under CARP. It
E.O. NO. 408 directed the immediate turn-over to
government reservations. No longer
needed, and that are suitable for
agriculture.
 Fidel V. Ramos’ Administration
(1992-1998)
• The Ramos administration is recognized for bringing back
support of key stakeholders of CARP by bridging certain
policy gaps on land acquisition and distribution, land
evaluation, and case resolution.
• It is also credited for enhancing internal operating system
and strengthening the capabilities of the DAR bureaucracy
and for tapping more resources to help implement the
program.
 Fidel V. Ramos’ Administration
(1992-1998)
• Consists of rules and procedures
1. governing the distribution of
DAR A.O. NO. 2 cancelled or expired pasture
lease agreements and Timber
(1992) License Agreements under E.O.
407.
 Fidel V. Ramos’ Administration
(1992-1998)
• Is the amendments to certain
2. provisions of the Administrative
DAR A.O. NO. 1 Order No. 9 Series of 1990,
entitled “Revised Rules and
(1993) Regulations Governing the
Acquisition of Agricultural Lands
Subject of Voluntary Offer to Sell
and Compulsory Acquisition
Pursuant to RA 6657.
 Fidel V. Ramos’ Administration
(1992-1998)
• Is the policy guidelines and
3. procedures governing the
JOINT DAR-LBP acquisition and distribution of
A.O. NO. 3 agricultural lands affected by the
(1994) Mt. Pinatubo eruption.
 Fidel V. Ramos’ Administration
(1992-1998)
• Consists of the rules and
4. procedures governing the
DAR A.O. NO. 1 Acquisition and Distribution of all
Agricultural Lands Subject of
(1995) Sequestration/Acquisition by the
PCGG and APT whose ownership
is under Court Litigation
 Fidel V. Ramos’ Administration
(1992-1998)
• Is the revised rules and
5. procedures governing the
DAR A.O. NO. 2 acquisition of Private Agricultural
Lands Subjects of Voluntary Land
(1995) Transfer or a Direct Payment
Scheme (VLT/DPS) Pursuant to RA
6657.
 Fidel V. Ramos’ Administration
(1992-1998)
• Is the rules and regulations
6. governing the Acquisition of
DAR A.O. NO. 2 Agricultural Lands Subjects of
Voluntary Order to Sell and
(1996) Compulsory Acquisition Pursuant
to RA 6657.
 Fidel V. Ramos’ Administration
(1992-1998)
• Is the rules and regulations for
7. the Acquisition of Private
DAR A.O. NO. 2 Agricultural Lands Subject of
Mortgage or Foreclosure of
(1997) Mortgage.
 Fidel V. Ramos’ Administration
(1992-1998)
• Is the revised guidelines on the
8. Acquisition and Distribution of
DAR A.O. NO. 8 Compensable Agricultural Lands
under VLT/Direct Payment
(1998) Scheme.
 Fidel V. Ramos’ Administration
(1992-1998)
• Refers to the implementing
guidelines on the Distribution and
9. Tilling of the Public Agricultural
DAR A.O. NO. 7 Lands turned over by the National
(1993) Livelihood and Support Fund to the
DAR for distribution under the CARP
pursuant to EO 407, Series of 1990 as
amended by EO 448, Series of 1991
and as clarified under Memorandum
Order No. 107.
Joseph Ejercito Estrada’s Administration
(1998-2001)

• “ERAP PARA SA MAHIRAP’. This was the battle cry that

endeared President Joseph Estrada and made him very
popular during the 1998 presidential election.
Joseph Ejercito Estrada’s Administration
(1998-2001)
• During this administration the Magkabalikat Para sa
Kaunlarang Agraryo (MAGSASAKA) which was launched which
is directed for the investors to bring in capital, technology and
management support while the farmers will contribute, at
most, the use of their land itself.
Joseph Ejercito Estrada’s Administration
(1998-2001)
• The MAGSASAKA aims to encourage investors to bring
investments into the countryside and to enhance the income
of the farmers through joint venture schemes and contract
growing schemes. The program also aims to enable the
farmers to be more efficient and be globally competitive.
 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s
Administration (2001-2010)
• The agrarian reform program under the Arroyo administration
is anchored on the vision “To make the countryside
economically viable for the Filipino family by building
partnership and promoting social equity and new economic
opportunities towards lasting peace and sustainable rural
development.”
 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s
Administration (2001-2010)
• The GMA administration has adopted the BAYAN-ANIHAN
concepts as the implementing framework for CARP. Bayan
means people--- a united people working together for the
successful implementation of agrarian reform.
 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s
Administration (2001-2010)

• Accelerating land transfer and

SALIN-LUPA improving land tenure.
 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s
Administration (2001-2010)

• Prompt and fair settlement of

KATARUNGAN agrarian disputes and delivery of
agrarian reform justice.
 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s
Administration (2001-2010)
• Better delivery by the government
of appropriate support services to
BAYANIHAN ARBs and the mobilization of the
ARBs themselves in the
transformation of the agrarian
reform communities into an
agrarian reform zones and into
progressive farming.
 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s
Administration (2001-2010)
• Institutionalization not only of
KATARUNGAN OR the system dialogue and
THE KONSEHONG consultation but also joint
problem solving with AR
BAYAN PARA SA
stakeholders, particularly
ANIHAN people’s organization,
cooperatives and NGOs.
 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s
Administration (2001-2010)
• Raising the awareness of DAR
personnel, agrarian reform
KAMALAYAN beneficiaries and the general
public on agrarian reform and its
contribution to social justice and
development.
 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s
Administration (2001-2010)
• Kapit Bisig sa Kahirapan Agrarian Reform Zones (KARZONEs)
was introduced.
• KARZONEs is a partnership and convergence strategy aimed
at achieving asset reform, poverty reduction, food
sufficiency, farm productivity, good governance, social equity
and empowerment of agrarian reform beneficiaries
 Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo’s
Administration (2001-2010)
Other Programs:
• Gulayan Magsasakang Agraryo – this intends to add income
and food security to farmer’s children and dependents.
• Quota system – compels adjudicators to work faster on
agrarian cases and train farmers into paralegals.
 Benigno Simeon “NoyNoy” Aquino III
Administration (2010-2016)
• President Benigno Aquino III vowed during his 2012 State of
the Nation Address that he would complete before the end
of his term the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
(CARP), the centerpiece program of the administration of his
mother, President Corazon Aquino.
 Benigno Simeon “NoyNoy” Aquino III
Administration (2010-2016)
• President Benigno Aquino III distributed their family-owned
Hacienda Luisita in Tarlac. Apart from the said farm lots, he
also promised to complete the distribution of privately-owned
lands of productive agricultural estates in the country that
have escaped the coverage of the program.
 Benigno Simeon “NoyNoy” Aquino III
Administration (2010-2016)
• Under his administration, the Agrarian Reform Community
Connectivity and Economic Support Services (ARCCESS)
project was created to contribute to the overall goal of rural
poverty reduction especially in agrarian reform areas..
 Benigno Simeon “NoyNoy” Aquino III
Administration (2010-2016)
• Agrarian Production Credit Program (APCP) provided credit
support for crop production to newly organized and existing
agrarian reform beneficiaries’ organizations (ARBOs) and
farmers’ organizations not qualified to avail themselves of
loans under the regular credit windows of banks.
 Benigno Simeon “NoyNoy” Aquino III
Administration (2010-2016)
• The legal case monitoring system (LCMS), a web-based legal
system for recording and monitoring various kinds of
agrarian cases at the provincial, regional and central offices
of the DAR to ensure faster resolution and close monitoring
of agrarian-related cases, was also launched.
 Benigno Simeon “NoyNoy” Aquino III
Administration (2010-2016)
• Aside from these initiatives, Aquino also enacted Executive
Order No. 26, Series of 2011, to mandate the Department of
Agriculture-Department of Environment and Natural
Resources-Department of Agrarian Reform Convergence
Initiative to develop a National Greening Program in
cooperation with other government agencies.
 Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s Administration
(2016-2022)
• Under his leadership, the President wants to pursue an
“aggressive” land reform program that would help alleviate
the life of poor Filipino farmers by prioritizing the provision
of support services alongside land distribution.
 Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s Administration
(2016-2022)
• The President directed the DAR to launch the 2nd phase of
agrarian reform where landless farmers would be awarded
with undistributed lands under the Comprehensive Agrarian
Reform Program (CARP).
 Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s Administration
(2016-2022)
• Duterte plans to place almost all public lands, including
military reserves, under agrarian reform.
• The President also placed 400 hectares of agricultural lands
in Boracay under CARP.
 Rodrigo Roa Duterte’s Administration
(2016-2022)
• Under his administration the DAR created an anti-corruption
task force to investigate and handle reports on alleged
anomalous activities by officials and employees of the
department.
• The Department also pursues an “Oplan Zero Backlog” in the
resolution of cases in relation to agrarian justice delivery of
the agrarian reform program to fast-track the
implementation of CARP.