The Down Syndrome Diet: Changing

the ‘Course’ Through Nutrition

Jennifer L. Kimes, Psy.D.
Down Syndrome of Louisville, Inc.
Louisville, Ky
Common co-occurring issues for Individuals
with DS
• Hashimoto Thyroiditis * Diabetes
• Obesity * Seizures
• Allergies * ADHD
• Sleep problems * Arthritis
• Celiac Disease * Autism
• G I problems * Alzheimer’s
• Recurrent infections (suppressed immune
system)
 Down Syndrome and Autism
• Rate of Autism in DS population is 10 to 15%
• Has risen proportionally to the national rate,
which has become epidemic (2015: 1 in 45)
• Autism is being conceptualized as an
autoimmune disorder.
• Seen in families with other autoimmune
disorders (fibromyalgia, Chron’s, Thyroid
issues)
 Nutritional Deficiencies in Autism
• B6 * B12
• Vitamin A * Vitamin C
• Vitamin D * Folate
• Taurine * Selenium
• Zinc * EPA (derivative of Omega -3 Fatty acids)
• Elevated RBC (one cause of inflammation)
• Elevated antibodies to milk
• Elevated antibodies to grains
• Imbalance in bacterial flora in the gut.
(Dr. Jaquelyn McCandless)
 Nutritional Deficiencies in DS
• B12 * Vitamin A
• Vitamin D * Vitamin E
• Selenium * Zinc
• Digestive enzymes * Glutathione

With increased rates of Alzheimer’s in DS,

connection to decreased Omega-3 Fatty acids
 Autism and GF/CF Diet
• 45% of people with Autism Spectrum Disorders have
gastrointestinal problems.

• Caregivers have been utilizing GF/CF diet for the

past several years with 40% reporting a reduction in
smptomotology and even ‘recovering’ children from
Autism.

• 3-6% prevelency rate of Celiac Disease in the DS

population.
 What is Celiac Disease?
An autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of
gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.
It is estimated to affect 1 in 100 people
worldwide.
Rate of celiac in the general population has
quadrupled in the past 50 years.
Wheat has changed!
 Common Symptoms of Celiac
• Diarrhea (which may be quite smelly)
• Weight loss
• Abdominal pain/discomfort
• Passing wind and bloating
• Feeling tired, lack of energy or motivation
(because the body is having difficulty taking in
nutrients from food)
• Decreased expected rate of growth in children
 What is Gluten?
• The general name for the proteins found in
wheat, rye and barley.
• Gluten helps foods maintain its shape, acting
as a glue that holds food together.
• Gluten may be present in many unexpected
places, such as fillers and breading.
Grains and starches that contain gluten
• Wheat * Farina
• Barley * Kamut
• Rye * Matzo
• Bulgar * Seminola
• Graham flour * Spelt
• Wheat germ * Triticale
• Couscous
 Foods that do NOT contain gluten
• Amaranth * Arrowroot
• Buckwheat * Corn
• Millet * Potato
• Quinoa * Rice
• Sorghum * Soy (GMO caution)
• Tapioca *Teff
 Foods that Often Contain Gluten
• Canned baked beans * Beer * Blue cheeses
• Broth/bouillon * Breaded foods * Cereals
• Chocolate milk * Cold cuts * Egg substitute
• Fried Vegetables* Gravy * Ice cream
• Flavored coffee & tea * Hot dogs * Imitation Meat
• Malt & Malt flavoring *ketchup * Mayonnaise
• Marinades * Meatballs/meatloaf * Oat bran
• Processed cheese * Roasted nuts * Salad dressing
• Sausage * Soups * Root beer
• Non-dairy creamer * soy sauce * syrups
• Teriyaki sauce * wheatgrass
• French fries (dusted with flour before freezing)
 Leaky Gut
• Gluten interferes with the breakdown and
absorption of nutrients.
• The immune system is activated to deal with
poorly digested food and pasty residue in the
small intestine.
• This increases the release of inflammatory
messenger molecules causing leaky gut.
 Gluten Sensitivity
• Antibodies to the gluten are activated and
inflammatory cytokines begin collecting & attack the
brain.
• Elevated cytokines are seen in Alzheimer’s Disease,
Parkinson’s Disease, MS, Autism and misdiagnosed
case of ALS.
• “Gluten sensitivity can be primarily, and at times,
exclusively a neurological disease” – Dr. Hadjivassiliou
• Therefore, you can have issues with brain function
without having any gastrointestinal problems.
Gluten-free products
 Gluten-free Caution
• If going gluten-free, be careful of added sugars
to help with taste and texture
• Avoid GMOs: 98% of soy, 88% of corn, and
98% of rice are GMO.
• Rice allowed in USA has high levels of arsenic.
• If using nut-based foods as a replacement,
ensure a nut allergy has been ruled out.
• Link between gluten sensitivity and Hashimoto's
thyroiditis – Dr. Perlmutter
• Depression & anxiety are often severe in patients
with gluten sensitivity.
• Cytokines block production of serotonin (essential
for mood regulation)
• Elimination of gluten and often Dairy, many patients
have been freed from not just a mood disorder but
other conditions caused by an overactive immune
system, like allergies and arthritis.
 Cognitive Impairment and Diet
• 2006 Mayo Clinic report – link between
Cognitive impairment & Celiac Disease
– Patients w/ sxs of dementia at a younger age
(n=65 w/ range of 45 -79 years old).
– Patients put on GF diet showed “significant
improvement” in their cognitive decline.
– Have researchers discovered a reversible form of
cognitive impairment through diet?!
 Down Syndrome and Alzheimer’s
• Studies suggest that more than 75 %of those
with DS aged 65 and older have Alzheimer's
disease - nearly 6 times greater than their
typically-developing peers.
• By age 40, the brains of almost all individuals
with DS have significant levels of plaques and
tangles.
• We are seeing symptoms emerge earlier in the
lifespan, sometimes in one’s early 30’s.
 Early Symptoms May Include
• Reduced interest in being sociable, conversing or expressing thoughts
• Decreased enthusiasm for usual activities
• Decline in ability to pay attention
• Sadness, fearfulness or anxiety
• Irritability, uncooperativeness or aggression
• Restlessness or sleep disturbances
• Seizures that begin in adulthood
• Changes in coordination and walking
• Increased noisiness or excitability
• Memory loss also may occur.
• Changes in overall function, personality & behavior may be more
common early signs of Alzheimer's than memory loss and forgetfulness.
 Immune System and Diet
• As with Autism and DS, people w/ celiac have
– Reduced levels of Glutathione (antioxidant)
– Deficiencies in Vitamins A, C, and D (control free
radicals)
– Gluten disables the immune system (Perlmutter)
 Inflammation
• Can have a positive side effect when it helps your
body respond to illness, through a fever and
eliminates the virus.
• However, chronic, low-grade inflammation is
thought to be one of the leading causes of
disease, premature aging, and illness.
• If your immunity is compromised and your body
is constantly stressed, you might experience chronic
low-grade inflammation that leaves you more
susceptible to illness and disease.
 Inflammation is Involved
• Virtually every chronic disease
• Cancer
• Diabetes
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Parkinson’s disease
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Epilepsy
• Autism
• Depression
• Coronary artery disease (a leading cause of heart attacks)
 Oxidation and Antioxidants
• At the center of chronic inflammation is the
concept of oxidative stress. Oxidation in the
brain releases a chain of events that creates
free radicals and stirs inflammation. Oxidized
tissues and cells don’t function normally & can
lead to health issues.
• Conversely, reduced oxidation lowers
inflammation - antioxidants are very
important for this reason.
• Historically antioxidant-rich foods (plants,
berries and nuts) were a large part of our diet.
However many of these foods
– have had the nutrients processed out of them by
the food industry
– are not conveniently & economically available
year-round
– have been recommended to use in limitation.
 The Typical DS Diet
Infants: sensitive formula, Pediasure, filler cereals
(rice or gluten-based), yogurt
Toddlers: puffs, cereal, crackers, juice, yogurt,
milk, pasta, potatoes
Children: pizza, pasta, breads, breaded meats,
cereal, crackers, cookies, french fries,
sandwiches, juice, fruit punch
Adults: soda (diet or regular), fruit punch,
potatoes, breads, breaded meats, pasta
 Sugar Count
• AHA daily limit of sugar for children (based
upon a 1,00-1,200 daily calorie intake) is 4
teaspoons (16 grams).
• However the Ave. child age 1-3 years consumes
approx. 13 tsp. of added sugar/day.
• Ave. child age 4-8 years consumes approx. 21
teaspoons.
• Teenagers age 14-18 years consumes 34.3
• The average adult consumes 22.2 teaspoons.
 Sugar Content
• 12-oz can of soda = 39 grams
• 4 oz vanilla yogurt = 17 grams
• 8 oz applesauce = 36 grams
• 1 Poptart = 20 grams
• 5 oz package of fruit snacks = 10 grams
• 8 oz apple juice = 23 grams
• 8 oz Pediasure = 18 grams (chocolate = 23)
 Sugar
• Perlmutter states, “The data confirming the
relationship between high carbohydrate
consumption and diabetes is clear and
profound”.
• In 1994 the American Diabetes Association
recommended that Americans should
consume 60-70% of their calories from
carbohydrates: rates of diabetes exploded –
doubled between 1997 and 2007.
Diabetes graph
 Sugar & Alzheimer’s
• Becoming diabetic doubles your risk of
Alzheimer’s disease.
• Diabetes has tripled in the past 40 years.
• Half the people with diabetes will develop
Alzheimer's disease (2011 study)
• Alzheimer’s is now being considered Type 3
Diabetes.
 How does diabetes contribute to
dementia?
1) If you're insulin resistant your body may not be
able to break down the protein (amyloid) that
forms brain plaques associated with brain disease.
2) high blood sugar provokes the production of
oxygen-containing molecules that damage cells and
causes inflammation that can result in hardening
and narrowing of the arteries in the brain.
3) This condition known as atherosclerosis can lead to
vascular dementia which occurs when blockages
and strokes kill brain tissue.
• In 2004 Australian researchers stated in review
paper that there is now a consensus that
atherosclerosis represents a state of
heightened oxidative stress characterized by
lipid and protein oxidation in the vascular wall.
• They also pointed out that such oxidation is a
response to inflammation.
 2008, The Archives of Neurology published
findings of the Mayo Clinic
• If diabetes began before a person was 65
years old, the risk for mild cognitive
impairment was increased by 220%.
• The risk of mild cognitive impairment in
individuals who had diabetes for 10 years +
was increased by 176%.
• Taking insulin increased their risk was
increased by 200%.
Australian National University in published
a study in Neurology
• When blood sugar is on the high end of the
“normal range”, people have a greater risk for
brain shrinkage.
• Brain shrinkage is associated with brain
disorders and dementia.
• Such shrinking can happen as a result of blood
sugar spike in the “normal” range.
 Free Radicals & Oxidative Stress
• We know that oxidative stress is directly related
to brain degeneration & cognitive decline.
• If you want to reduce oxidative stress and the
action of free radicals from your brain, you
have to reduce the glycation of proteins: You
have to LIMIT your body’s access to SUGAR.
• Most dangerous are refined sugars, which are is
packed in virtually all processed foods & hidden
in “healthy” foods, especially fat-free foods.
 Bad Sugar – Good Fat
• LDLs (the so-called bad cholesterol) are an
important carrier protein bringing vital
cholesterol to brain cells.
• Problems arise when LDLs become oxidized.
• When LDLs become glycated (or mix with
sugar) there is a dramatic increase in oxidation
and a 50X increase in free radicals.
• Also, they cannot present cholesterol to brain
cells and brain function suffer.
 Ooops!
Illustration by Randy Glasbergen. Glasbergen.com
 We Need Brain Fat
• Obesity and its metabolic consequences has
almost nothing to do with dietary fat
consumption and everything to do with our
addiction to carbohydrates .
• Eating high cholesterol foods has no impact on
our actual cholesterol levels.
• The alleged correlation between high cholesterol
and higher cardiac risk is an absolute fallacy.
-Dr. Perlmutter
 Fat Brain
• Good fats like Omega-3s and monosaturated fats reduce
inflammation.
• Modified hydrogenated fats dramatically increase
inflammation.
• In addition, certain vitamins (A, D, E, and K) require fat so
they can absorbed properly.
• These fat-soluble vitamins need dietary fat to transport
them through the body.
• Because vitamins do not dissolve in water they can only
be absorbed from your small intestine in combination with
fat.
 More Cholesterol, Please
• In the brain, C. serves as a powerful antioxidant, protecting it from the
damaging effects of free radicals.
• C. is a precursor for the steroid hormones like estrogen and
testosterone, as well as for vitamin D, a critically important fat-soluble
antioxidant.
• Vitamin D is also a powerful anti-inflammatory helping to rid the body
of infectious agents.
• Given that vitamin D is directly formed from cholesterol, it is not
surprising that vitamin D levels are low in people with a variety of
neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson's, Alzheimer's & MS).
• As we age, natural cholesterol levels generally increase in the body. This
is good because as we age our production of free radicals increases and
cholesterol can offer levels of protection against these free radicals.
 Cholesterol Extends Longevity
• Correlation between higher cholesterol levels
and decreased mortality.
• No difference in the risk of dying from
coronary artery disease between the high
versus low-cholesterol groups.
• Mortality from cancer & infection was
significantly lower among the participants in
the highest total cholesterol category.
 Cholesterol Help for Parkinson’s
• A 2008 published study in the Journal of
Movement Disorders showed that people with
the lowest LDL cholesterol (the “bad”
cholesterol) , were at increased risk for
Parkinson's Disease by 350%.
• Vegetable oil has omega 6 which is pro
inflammatory.
• The recommended ratio of omega-6 to
omega-3 is anywhere from 1: 1 to 4:1
• The typical American diet averages are 20:1.
 Oil Omega-3 Content Omega -6 Content
Canola 9% 20%
Corn 0% 54%
Fish 100% 0%
Flaxseed 57% 14%
Olive 1% 8%
Peanut 0% 32%
Safflower 0% 75%
Sesame 0% 42%
Soybean 7% 51%
Sunflower 0% 65%
 Sanders-Brown Study
90

80

70

60

50
Dementia
MCI
40 Non-dem.

30

20

10

0
sweets carbs. fats
 Casein
• Casein is the protein found in mammal’s milk.
• A casein allergy occurs when your body’s
immune system mistakenly thinks the protein
is harmful and inappropriately produces
allergic antibodies for protection.
• The interaction between these antibodies and
the specific protein triggers the release of
body chemicals such as histamine.
 Reactions could include:
• Skin reactions: hives, rashes, red or itchy skin
• Nasal congestions, runny nose, coughing,
sneezing, wheezing, itchy or watery eyes
• Swelling of the lips, tongue, mouth, face or
throat
• Less severe reactions: cramping, flatulence,
nausea, diarrhea and/or constipation
• People can be lactose sensitive without having
a full blown milk allergy.
• Recent estimates indicate that approximately
60 % of Americans and 75% of people world-
wide are lactose sensitive.
 Foods that Contain Casein
• Milk * Cream
• Half & Half * Yogurt
• Sour Cream * Butter
• Sherbet * White or Milk Chocolate
• Ice Cream * Ice Milk
• Soup Bases * Puddings
• Custard * Whey
• Creamed Soups and Vegetables
• Cheese (most, except some soy brands)
 Bovines & Dairy-Free
All bovine milk and milk products contain casein.
If going casein-free, avoid foods derived from
goat and sheep milk, as well as cow dairy
products.

Dairy-free & lactose-free doesn’t mean casein-

free. Many non-dairy foods contain casein
proteins. Avoid foods that contain any
ingredient with casein or caseinate.
 Milk Comparison
2% cow Skim Almond Coconut Rice
cow Unswt.
Van.
Calcium 30 % 30 % 45 % 45 % 30 %
Vit. A 9% 10 % 10 % 10 % 10 %
Vit. D 26 % 25 % 25 % 25 % 25 %
Fat 3g 0.1 g 0g 5g 2.5 g
Sugar 12 g 12 g 0 6g 10 g
Calories 122 83 30 80 120
What About Soy Milk?
 Protecting Your Brain
• DHA brain boosting molecule
• More than 2/3 of the dry weight of the human
brain is fat. Of that fat, 1/4 is DHA.
• An important building block for the membrane
surrounding brain cells, particularly the synapses.
• An important regulator of inflammation. It can fight
back inflammation and it can block the damaging
effects of a high sugar diet and help prevent
metabolic dysfunction in the brain that can result
from a high-carb. diet.
 Fish Oil & Antioxidant Protection
• Decreased levels of free radical damage in
individuals who consume fish oil (the source
of EPA and DHA)
• When omega-3 fats EPA and DHA produce
powerful antioxidants and detoxification
enzymes.
• Consuming more than 2 servings of fish/week
was associated with a 59% reduction in the
occurrence of Alzheimer's disease.
 Curcumin
• Curcumin (turmeric) and its impact on the brain is
currently the subject of intense scientific inquiry
especially.
• Has been used for thousands of years and
traditional Chinese and Indian medicine.
• The prevalence of dementia is markedly reduced in
communities were turmeric is used in abundance.
• Co q-10 has been proposed as a treatment for
Alzheimer's disease.
Free Radicals and Cognitive Decline
• In a 2007 report by Dr. William Marksberry of the University of
Kentucky, demonstrated that cognitive function begins to decline
early on, well before brain disease is diagnosed.
• He observed that elevated markers for oxidative damage to Fat
protein and even DNA correlate directly to the degree of mental
impairment.
• Oxidative damage is an early event in the pathogenesis of
Alzheimer's disease that can serve as a therapeutic target to slow
the progression or perhaps the onset of the disease. (Perlmutter)
• Need to stimulate our body's innate defense against free radicals
long before the signs and symptoms of cognitive decline begin.
 Glutathione
• One of the most important detoxification agents in the
human brain.
• Serves as a major antioxidant - helping to protect the cell
from free radical damage and protecting the
mitochondria.
• Detoxification - renders various toxins less noxious &
makes them more water soluble so they can be more
easily excreted.
• Glutathione deficiencies are associated melanoma,
diabetes, asthma, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, glaucoma,
lung cancer, ALS, Parkinson's & migraines.
 Increase Omega 3 Fatty Acids
Harvard Medical School Professor George Cahill
- recent studies have shown that coconut oil:

* improves antioxidant function

* increases the number of mitochondria
* stimulates the growth of new brain cells
* helps repair myelin sheath
 What is Myelin?
• Myelin is a fatty substance that wraps around
nerve fibers and serves to increase the speed of
electrical communication between neurons.
• Myelination begins early in the 3rd trimester and
continues through adolescence.
• Beginning in infancy, the natural reparative
process of the myelin sheath begins to slow
down in individuals with DS, leading to lesions
and fissures, compromising neural transmission.
 By Quasar Jarosz at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7616130
 Foods that Nourish Myelin
• Fresh deep sea fish (salmon, mackerel, tuna, trout,
sardines) – farm fish are typically fed grains
• Nuts (pecans, almonds, macadamias) and seeds
• Dried beans, lentils
• Dark vegetables (broccoli, spinach, collard or turnip
greens, kale, okra, Brussels sprouts, and asparagus)
• Winter Squash
• Citrus fruit
 Fresh vs. Frozen vs. Canned
• Not only can nutrients be lost in canned
vegetables and fruits; some may be causing
more harm than good:
• Bisphenol A (BPA)
• sodium
• sulfites
 Anti-inflammatory Foods
Fermented foods
Lightly steamed broccoli
Oils with Omega-3 fatty acids
Wild fatty fish (salmon, cod, sardines)
Tart cherries
Soaked walnuts
Onions and garlic
Pineapple
Spinach
Turmeric and ginger
 Mediterranean Diet
• 2013 study showing that people aged 55 to 80 who
ate a Mediterranean diet were at lower risk of heart
disease and stroke, by as much as 30 %, than those
on a typical low-fat diet.
• The Mediterranean diet is famous for being rich in
olive oil, nuts, beans, fish, fruits, vegetables and
lean meats.
• Perlmutter recommends modifying the traditional
Mediterranean diet by removing all gluten-
containing foods and limiting sugary fruits.
 Low-Carb/High Fat Diet
• Consuming fats, such as MCT oil or coconut
oil, has been showed to impart significant
improving cognitive functioning in Alzheimer's
patients.
• A very low carb. diet has been shown to
reduce amyloids in the brain & increase
glutathione (the body's natural brain
protection).
So What Should We Be Eating?
 Start with Replacement
• Use organic, non- GMO produce fresh or frozen
• Eat raw or lightly steamed vegetables vs. canned
• Switch to rice, almond or coconut milk
• Switch from vegetable oils & margarine to Omega3-rich oils
• Use ancient or sprouted grains or gluten-free
• Use raw, local honey or pure maple syrup instead of refined
sugar (this will cut total sugar content by 1/3)
• Drink water instead of regular or diet soda)
• Eat antioxidant rich foods (goji berries, wild blueberries, dark
chocolate, pecans, artichokes, elderberries, kidney beans,
cranberries, blackberries, cilantro).
 Fermented foods
Fermented foods are foods that have been
through a process of lactofermentation in
which natural bacteria feed on the sugar and
starch in the food creating lactic acid. This
process preserves the food, and creates
beneficial enzymes, b-vitamins, Omega-3 fatty
acids, and various strains of probiotics.
 May Want to Consider
Supplementing with:
* Antioxidants
* Probiotics
* Turmeric
* Fish and/or mct oil
* Multivitamin
* Glutathione
* Vitamins B, D, C, & E
* Digestive enzymes
Probiotics & Fish Oil
 Exercise
Exercise is a potent anti-inflammatory & it
improves insulin sensitivity.
Dr. Aaron Buchanan (Rush University Memory
and Aging Project) found that the risk of
Alzheimer's was nearly tripled in people who
exert themselves the least.
Daily 20 minutes moderately vigorous activity.
 Sleep
Virtually every system in the body is affected by the quality and
amount of sleep we get, especially the brain. Sleep affects the
hormone called leptin.
Leptin coordinates the body's inflammatory response and helps
determine whether or not we crave carbs.
However, leptin is a pro-inflammatory molecule & is negatively
influenced by carbs. With refined and processed carbs. Causing
even greater imbalance to leptin levels.
Healthy levels of leptin prevent most diseases of aging.
No single drug or supplement can balance leptin levels; however
better sleep & better dietary choices can.
Consider the incidence of sleep apnea in the DS population.
 Take Away
• Implications of sugar on major health issues
that are at increased risk for DS population.
• Impact of gluten and casein on health and
increased sensitivities in DS population.
• Importance of healthy fats and the
relationship to Alzheimer’s disease.
• Can we change the Course of the “inevitable”
Alzheimer’s disease for our members?
 References
• Perlmutter, D. (2013) Grain Brain. New York, N.Y.: Little, Brown and
Company.
• McCandless, J. (2007) Children with Starving Brains: A Medical
Treatment Guide for Autism Spectrum Disorder, 3rd Edition. Colchester,
U.K.: Bramble Books.
• Bock, K. and Stauth, C. (2007) Healing the New Childhood Epidemics:
Autism, ADHD, Asthma, and Allergies. New York, N.Y.: Ballentine Books.
• De la Monte, S.M. & Wands, J.R. (2008). Alzheimer's Disease Is Type 3
Diabetes–Evidence Reviewed. Journal of Diabetes Science and
Technology, 2(6),1101–1113.
• Brodtmann, A. (2009). Hashimoto Encephalopathy and Down
Syndrome. Arch Neurol. 2009, 66(5),663-666.
doi:10.1001/archneurol.2009.45
 References
• National Down Syndrome Society (2017). Down
Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease. Retrieved from
http://www.alz.org/dementia/down-syndrome-alzheimer
s-symptoms.asp
• American Heart Association (2017). Added Sugars.
Retrieved from
http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/HealthyLiving/.../Adde
d-Sugars_UCM_305858_Article.jsp
• Swanson, N.L., et al. (2014). Genetically Engineered Crops,
Glyphosate and the Deterioration of Health in the United
States of America. Journal of Organic Systems, 9 (2) 2014.
Presented by William Shaw at the US Asperger’s and
Autism Association 2016 Annual Convention, Louisville, Ky.
 References
• Buchman, A.S., et al. (2012). Total Daily Physical
Activity and the Risk of AD and Cognitive Decline in
Older Adults. Neurology, 78, no.17: 1323-29.
• Mercola, J. (2017, March). Dr. Mercola’s Nutrition
Plan: Introduction. Retrieved from www.mercola.com
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differences between raw honey and the processed
golden honey found in grocery retailers. Retrieved
from
http://permaculturenews.org/2014/02/08/shocking-d
ifferences-raw-honey-processed-golden-honey-found-
grocery-retailers/
 References
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1440-1446.
 References
• Gao, L., et al. (2007). Novel n-3 fatty acid oxidation products
activate Nrf2 by destabilizing the association between keapl and
cullin 3. Journal of Biological Chemistry 282, no.4: 2529-37.
• Elias, P. K., et al. (2005). Serum cholesterol and cognitive
performance in the Framingham Heart Study. Psychosomatic
Medicine 67, no.1: 24-30.
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• Safer Chemicals, Healthy Families. (2016, March 30). Report
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http://saferchemicals.org/newsroom/12949/
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