ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

SYMBOLS
 anything that is used to stand for
something else.
 anything that gives meaning to
the culture.
LANGUAGE

 known as the storehouse of

culture (Arcinas, 2016).
 a system of words and symbols
used to communicate with other
people.
TECHNOLOGY

 the application of knowledge and

equipment to ease the task of
living and maintaining the
environment.
 includes artifacts, methods and
devices created and used by
people (Arcinas, 2016).
VALUES

 refers to the abstract concept of

what is important and
worthwhile (David and Macaraeg,
2010).
 culturally defined standards for
what is good or desirable.
 Filipinos are known for the
following values: (a)
compassionate; (b) spirit of
kinship and camaraderie; (c)
hardwork and industry; (d)
ability to survive; (e) faith
and religiosity; (f) flexibility,
adaptability and creativity; (g)
joy and humor; (h) family
orientation;
BELIEFS

 faith of an individual ( David and

Macaraeg, 2010).
 maybe based on common sense,
folk wisdom, religion, science or a
combination of all of these
(Arcinas, 2016).
NORMS

 are specific rules/standards to guide

for appropriate behavior (Arcinas,
2016).
 societal expectations that mandate
specific behaviors in specific situations
(David and Macaraeg, 2010).
Types of Societal Norms:

 Proscriptive norm defines and tells

us things not to do.
 Prescriptive norm defines and tells
us things to do.
Forms of Societal Norms:

 Folkways
 Mores
 Laws
Forms of Societal Norms: FOLKWAYS

 forms of norms for everyday

behavior that people follow for
the sake of tradition or
convenience.
 Breaking them does not usually
have serious consequences.
Forms of Societal Norms: MORES

 strict norms that control moral

and ethical behavior; they are
based on definitions of right and
wrong (Arcinas, 2016).
Forms of Societal Norms: LAWS
 controlled ethics and they are
morally agreed, written down and
enforced by an official law
enforcement agency (Arcinas,
2016).
 institutionalized norms and mores
that were enacted by the state to
ensure stricter punishment in
order for the people to adhere to