AUDIO AND

VIDEO
DIGITALISATIO
N

MARZITA MANSOR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEFINITION OF VIDEO EDITING &
01 TERMINOLOGY

WHY EDITING
02

VIDEO PRODUCTION PHASES

03

AUDIO EDITING
04
DEFINITION OF VIDEO EDITING
Video editing is the process of
I) manipulating and rearranging video footage,
II) adding visual and audio effects, and
III) enhancing the overall quality of the video in order to create a final product that tells a story or
communicates a message.
IV) It involves selecting and arranging video clips in a specific sequence, trimming and cutting
unnecessary footage, adjusting colors and brightness, adding text overlays or subtitles, and
synchronizing the video with sound effects, music, or voiceovers.
Video Editing Terminology
● Capture Device: A hardware or firmware device used to convert analogue video into
digital video.
● Editing: The process of rearranging, adding and/or removing sections of video clips.
Also, creating transitions between clips. Editing is part of post-production.
● Layering: Adding multiple layers of superimposed video.
● Linear Editing: Also known as tape to tape editing. A method of editing in which
footage is copied from one tape to another in the required order
● Non Linear Editing: An editing method which uses computer software to edit the
footage
● Transition: The way one shot changes to the next.
● Post Production: Everything that happens to the video and audio after production, i.e.
after the footage has been shot. Post production includes video editing, audio editing,
titling, colour correction, effects, etc.
What is Video Editing

Video editing is the process of manipulating and

rearranging video shots to create a new work. Editing is
usually considered to be one part of the post production
process — other post-production tasks include titling,
colour correction, sound mixing, etc.
Editing is commonly defined as collecting, preparing,
and arranging materials for publication in order to tell
stories, using pictures and sounds.
Materials refer to as video footage photographs,
illustration, animation, title graphics, sounds, music or
anything else that can incorporate into the finished
product.
Many people use the term editing to describe all their
post-production work, especially in non-professional
situations. Whether or not you choose to be picky about
terminology is up to you. In this tutorial we are
reasonably liberal with our terminology and we use the
word editing to mean any of the following:
Rearranging, adding and/or removing sections of video
clips and/or audio clips.
Applying colour correction, filters and other
enhancements.
Creating transitions between clips.
DEFINITION OF VIDEO EDITING
Video editing is the process of
I) manipulating and rearranging video footage,
II) adding visual and audio effects, and
III) enhancing the overall quality of the video in order to create a final product that tells a story or
communicates a message.
IV) It involves selecting and arranging video clips in a specific sequence, trimming and cutting
unnecessary footage, adjusting colors and brightness, adding text overlays or subtitles, and
synchronizing the video with sound effects, music, or voiceovers.
Digital Video Editing

The process of :
I) transferring video and other materials into an editing system;
II) assembling sequences of pictures and sounds;
III) creating and adding titles, graphics, and effects to enhance the
show,
IV) adjusting and mixing the sounds, and
V) finally outputting the finished show back to video tape or other
media so audiences can see the results
WHY VIDEO EDITING?
Video editing is an essential part of the video production process and there are several reasons why it is
necessary. Here are some of the main reasons why we need to do editing:

To enhance the quality of the footage: Even with the best camera and lighting equipment, raw footage
may still need some adjustments to improve its overall quality. This can include color correction,
brightness adjustments, and noise reduction, among others.

To tell a story or convey a message: Video editing allows for the footage to be arranged in a specific
order that can help to tell a story or convey a message to the audience. This can involve selecting the
best shots, trimming and cutting unnecessary footage, and adding transitions to make the video flow
smoothly.

To add special effects: Video editing also allows for the addition of special effects, such as visual and
audio effects, that can enhance the overall impact of the video.

.
WHY VIDEO EDITING?
To ensure continuity: Video editing can help to ensure that there is continuity in the footage, such as
matching shots and maintaining a consistent style throughout the video.

To improve the pacing: Video editing can help to improve the pacing of the footage by removing any
slow or dull moments, adding music or sound effects, and adjusting the timing of the shots.

Overall, video editing is an important process that helps to turn raw footage into a polished and
professional final product that effectively communicates the intended message to the audience.
Reasons for Editing

● To build stories from materials you shoot

● To fix mistakes or eliminate technical errors
● To increase or decrease the duration (running time) of
show
● To combine multiple stories or videotapes on one
tape. This could mean adding commercials to a
television program or compiling several shoes on a
single videotape.

* The audience it the only entity editors should consider.

The Goals of Editing
● Digital video editing gives the ability to change digital video
files stored in the editing system in any shape, way or fashion.
There are many reasons to edit a video and your editing
approach will depend on the desired outcome. Before you begin
you must clearly define your editing goals, which could include
any of the following:
● Remove unwanted footage
● This is the simplest and most common task in editing. Many
videos can be dramatically improved by simply getting rid of the
flawed or unwanted bits.
● Choose the best footage
● It is common to shoot far more footage than you actually need
and choose only the best material for the final edit. Often you
will shoot several versions (takes) of a shot and choose the best
one when editing.
● Create a flow
● Most videos serve a purpose such as telling a story or providing
information. Editing is a crucial step in making sure the video
flows in a way which achieves this goal.
● Add effects, graphics, music, etc
● This is often the "wow" part of editing. You can improve most
videos (and have a lot of fun) by adding extra elements.
● Alter the style, pace or mood of the video
● A good editor will be able to create subtle mood prompts in a
video. Techniques such as mood music and visual effects can
influence how the audience will react.
● Give the video a particular "angle"
● Video can be tailored to support a particular viewpoint, impart a
message or serve an agenda.
Types of Video Editing
● Linear Editing - This process is basically mechanical in nature,
in that it employs the use of Camcorders, VCR's, Edit
Controllers, Titlers, and Mixers to perform the edit functions.
This editing technique is performed in linear steps, one cut at a
time (or a series of programmed cuts) to its conclusion.
● Non-Linear Editing - Gaining in popularity quickly due to
advances in technology, pricing, and product availability, this
method of video editing utilizes the computer environment to
aid in the editing process. This process is almost entirely digital
and employs no mechanical functions except for the input of the
video sources and its final output to Tape or CD. Editing in this
environment is essentially is a visual Cut-and-Paste method.
Linear Editing
Linear Editing consists of three main categories:

● 1. In-Camera Editing: Video shots are structured in such a way

that they are shot in order and of correct length. This process
does not require any additional equipment other than the
Camcorder itself, but requires good shooting and organizational
skills at the time of the shoot.
● 2. Assemble Editing: Video shots are not structured in a specific
order during shooting but are rearranged and unneeded shots
deleted at the time of transferring (copying). This process
requires at the least, a Camcorder and VCR. the original footage
remains intact, but the rearranged footage is transferred to a new
tape. Each scene or cut is "assembled" on a blank tape either
one-at-a-time or in a sequence.
● There are two types of Assemble Editing:
● A Roll--Editing from a single source, with the option of adding an
effect, such as titles or transitioning from a frozen image the start of the
next cut or scene.
● A/B Roll--Editing from a minimum of two source VCR's or Camcorders
and recording to a third VCR. This technique requires a Video Mixer
and/ or Edit Controller to provide smooth transitions between the
sources. Also, the sources must be electronically "Sync'd" together so
that the record signals are stable. The use of a Time Base Corrector or
Digital Frame Synchronizer is necessary for the success of this
technique.
● 3. Insert Editing: New material is recorded over existing footage. This
technique can be used during the original shooting process or during a
later editing process. Since the inserted footage is placed over the
unwanted footage some of the original footage is erased.
 PHASES IN VIDEO
PRODUCTION
the three main phases of video production are
pre-production, production, and post-
production. Here are some of the activities
involved in each phase
 PRE-
PRODUCTION
Pre-production:
Concept development: This involves developing the initial concept or idea for the video, which
could include brainstorming, researching, and creating a script or storyboard.

Scriptwriting: This involves writing a detailed script that outlines the dialogue, actions, and
overall structure of the video.

Location scouting: This involves finding and securing suitable locations for filming, such as a
studio, outdoor locations, or specific buildings.

Casting: This involves selecting and hiring actors or presenters for the video.

Planning: This involves creating a detailed plan for the production, including scheduling,
budgeting, and logistics.
PRODUCTION

Filming:
This involves capturing the footage for the video using a
camera and lighting equipment.
Sound recording: This involves capturing the audio for
the video, including dialogue, sound effects, and music.
Directing: This involves guiding the actors or presenters
to ensure that the footage meets the requirements of the
script.
Camera operation: This involves operating the camera to
capture the footage from various angles and distances.
 POST-
PRODUCTION
Post-production:
Editing: This involves manipulating and rearranging the
footage to create a polished final product, including
adding transitions, visual effects, and sound effects.
Color grading: This involves adjusting the color and
brightness of the footage to enhance its overall quality.
Audio mixing: This involves mixing the audio elements to
ensure that the sound is clear and balanced.
Final output: This involves exporting the final product in the
required format, such as for online streaming, DVD, or
broadcast.
Overall, each phase of video production plays an important
role in creating a high-quality final product that
effectively communicates the intended message to the
audience.
 AUDIO
EDITING
Audio editing is the process of manipulating and
rearranging audio recordings to improve their
quality or to create a final product. It involves using
specialized software to cut, copy, and paste audio
clips, adjust the levels of different audio tracks,
remove unwanted background noise or clicks, and
add effects or filters.
 AUDIO EDITING
PROCESS
Some common tasks involved in audio editing include:
Trimming and cutting audio: This involves removing unwanted sections
of audio or splitting audio files into smaller segments.
Adjusting audio levels: This involves adjusting the volume levels of
different audio tracks to balance the sound and make it easier to hear.
Adding effects and filters: This involves applying audio effects or filters,
such as reverb, equalization, or noise reduction, to improve the
quality of the audio.
Mixing audio: This involves combining multiple audio tracks, such as
music, voiceovers, and sound effects, into a final mix.
Synchronizing audio and video: This involves aligning the audio with the
corresponding video footage to ensure that they are in sync.

Overall, audio editing is an important part of the video production

process, as it helps to improve the overall quality of the audio and
create a final product that effectively communicates the intended
message to the audience.
EDITING VIDEO AND
AUDIO IS AN
AWESOME
EXPERIENCE
Start editing, and Appreciate Your
Hard work!
● Creativity: Video editing provides an opportunity to unleash your creativity
and turn raw footage into a visually stunning and engaging final product.
● Impact: A well-edited video has the power to inspire, educate, and entertain
audiences, making a significant impact on their lives.
● Challenge: Video editing can be a challenging and rewarding process that
requires attention to detail, problem-solving skills, and a commitment to
excellence.
● Satisfaction: There's nothing quite like the feeling of satisfaction that comes
from seeing your hard work and creativity come together in a polished and
professional final product.
● Communication: Video editing is a powerful tool for communicating ideas,
emotions, and stories to a wide audience, making it an important skill to
have in today's digital age.
● Remember, with the right mindset and a commitment to excellence, you can
create a video that not only meets but exceeds your expectations and delivers
a message that resonates with your audience.
 Inspiring Video
● Casey Neistat's "Do What You Can't" video: This video by popular YouTuber Casey Neistat is a
motivational and inspiring tribute to the power of creativity and determination
● "The Sartorialist" by Intel: This video is a beautiful and visually stunning example of how a brand
can tell a compelling story through video. It features Scott Schuman, the creator of the popular
fashion blog The Sartorialist, as he travels the world in search of inspiration and beauty.
● Dove's "Real Beauty Sketches" campaign: This video campaign by Dove is a powerful and
emotional tribute to the beauty of real women. It uses a series of sketches to show how women often
see themselves as less attractive than they really are, and encourages viewers to embrace their own
unique beauty.
● "The Lego Story": This video is a fascinating and engaging look at the history of the Lego company,
from its humble beginnings as a small Danish toy maker to its current status as a global brand. It's a
great example of how video can be used to tell a compelling and informative story.
● "The Internetest Safety Video on the Internet" by Delta Airlines: This video is a fun and entertaining
example of how a brand can use humor and creativity to engage viewers and deliver an important
message. It uses a series of internet memes and viral videos to teach viewers about airline safety
procedures, and has been viewed millions of times on YouTube.
 Inspiring Video

● Casey Neistat's "Do What You Can't" video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jG7dSXcfVqE

● "The Sartorialist" by Intel: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DwmcurDpors

● Dove's "Real Beauty Sketches" campaign: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=litXW91UauE

● "The Lego Story": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qr_dTySMl7s

● "The Internetest Safety Video on the Internet" by Delta Airlines: https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=ceFb7vuic28
 Inspiring Video to create Creative Video
● "The Art of Film and Video Editing" by Karen Pearlman –
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNE4LKDg-Ts

● Studio Binders: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVR8zz8ci2k&t=461s

● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jw_ysaoVlt4 How to Begin
● Show: Best Digital Advertising ADS https://youtu.be/Wzge-AQ1v2w?
list=TLPQMjgwMzIwMjMeZ2l_49lj8Q

● The Art of Film Editing with Molly Shannon:

● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=myVps38Tv_Q
● ;
● Establshing Shots https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BFwMRVwrKcA

● "The Power of Visual Storytelling" by Ekaterina Walter –https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=xY1iwFKEgmk
THANKS!
YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS?
marzita@meta.upsi.edu.my
0193450201
2B-14 MALIM SARJANA
"Editing is like sculpting, really. You work
with a lump of clay, or in my case, a lump
of footage, and you carve away at it and
shape it until you have something that
resembles the thing you had in your
head."

- Tim Street, filmmaker and video blogger