Gastritis in small animals.

 Gastritis inflammation of the lining of the stomach.

common sign -vomiting..

 Acute gastritis is characterized by vomiting of less than 7 days

duration.

 Chronic gastritis is characterized by intermittent vomiting of

greater than 1-2 weeks duration.

 Lesion
1) chronic superficial gastritis-edematous gastric mucosa ,
fibrosis.
2) chronic atrophic gastritis-thinning of gastric mucosa
3) chronic hyper tropic gastritis –spongy mucosa
4) eosinophilic gastritis
 Causes of Acute Gastritis

 Dietary indiscretion (ingestion of spoiled food, foreign bodies,

plant material, hair or overeating)
 Dietary intolerance or allergy
 Ingestion of chemical irritants or toxins (fertilizers, cleaning
agents, lead)
 Drugs/medication (aspirin, antibiotics, steroids)
 Infectious agents (viral, bacterial, parasitic ,fungus)
 Shock or sepsis (systemic infection)
Causes of Chronic Gastritis

Chronic or long term exposure to, or ingestion of, any of the

causes listed for acute gastritis

Inflammatory bowel disease

Stomach cancer

systemic diseases- kidney failure, liver disease,

hypoadrenocorticism, neurologic disease and ulcers.
 Pathogenesis
1)irritation of mucosa –motility secretion –vomition –dehydration –
haemoconcentration
2) loss of H+ , cl ions –metabolic alkalosis
3) acute gastritis – effect on motility
chronic gastritis- effect on secretion
4)In sheep ,goat delay digestion –allow putrefactive digestion-
further inflammation
Clinical finding(acute gastritis)
 Excessive vomiting
(vomitus green to yellowish green, acidic )
 Excessive vomiting with blood (either red or "coffee-grounds")
Lack of appetite, polydipsia
 dehydration, muscle Weakness, muscle flaccidity
 Diarrhoea, abdominal pain
 Cloudy urine –excess urate, offensive smell of breath, rapid
breathing
 fever
 Clinical finding( chronic gastritis )

 Poor appetite, vomition after intake of food, emaciation,

dehydration is not marked.
 Aerophagia, moderate abdominal pain.
 Diagnosis

A thorough history and physical examination

 Complete blood count (CBC), biochemical profile, urinalysis,
and fecal examination
Na , k , cl
 Abdominal radiographs (X-rays) +/- contrast/dye evaluation

 Abdominal ultrasound in selected cases

 Endoscopy in selected cases

 Rapid urease test

 Cytological examination
 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

1) gastric dilation

2)Dietary intolerance or allergy

3) Pancreatitis

4)Metabolic disorders (kidney failure, liver disease, hypoadrenocorticism,

diabetes mellitus)

5)Intestinal obstruction/blockage secondary to foreign bodies or tumours

6)Gastrointestinal ulcers

7)Pyloric hypertrophy
8) oesophagus obstruction
 Treatment
Removal of aetiological agent
Nothing orally (NPO) for a several hours , with a gradual introduction of water
followed by a bland diet

 Fluid and electrolyte therapy as indicated in the dehydrated patient.

 Corticosteroid –regeneration of parital cells , prednisolone 1mg/kg bwt.

 Antiemetics (drugs that symptomatically decrease the frequency of vomiting)

metoclopramide 0.01-0.2mg /kg bwt.bid. im .

 Antacids .(drugs that block acid production by the stomach)

Aluminium hydroxide – S,G- 0.5g /kg bwt.bid. D, C-100-200 mg/kg bwt.bid
ranitidine- 2 mg /kg bwt. tid im.
cimetidine 5-10 mg /kg bwt. tid im.
 Gastric protectants (drugs that coat and soothe the GI tract)-
sucralphate, kaolin ,pectin.
 Antibiotics neomycin –in S,G,P 5 Mg/kg bwt. po, 10 Mg/kg bwt im
D,C-10 Mg/kg bwt im
streptomycin- D,C-10 Mg/kg bwt im
 parasiticides.

 Endoscopy or surgery
 Antispasmodic –atropine sulphate. S,G 0.25mg /kg bwt. im
PIG 0.05 mg /kg bwt. im
D,C-0.2-0.3 mg /kg bwt. im

Vit. B complex , probiotic in sheep, goat.

 REFERANCES
1 )The Merck veterinary manual ( 9th Ed. 1998)
2) Text book of clinical veterinary medicine
ICAR publication
3)Small animal gastroenterology .
jorg.m.steiner (1st Ed. 2008)
4) Veterinary medicine
A text book of the disease of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses (10 th Ed.)
5) clinical ,endoscopic and therapeutic studies on canine gastritis
shaheen et,al.(2010),intas polyvet2010 vol 11; p293-296