IM3690

R AND PYTHON
PROGRAMMING
.
Practical 02
Python Basic Syntaxes

Lochana Rajamanthri
PYTHON STRINGS

a = "hello"
print(a[1])  e

b = "world"
print(b[2:5])  rld
PYTHON STRINGS

The len() method returns the length of a string:

a = "Hello, World!"
print(len(a))  13

The upper() method returns the string in upper case:

a = "Hello, World!"
print(a.upper())  HELLO, WORLD!
PYTHON STRINGS

The split() method splits the string into substrings if it

finds instances of the separator:

a = "Hello, World!"
print(a.split(",")) # returns ['Hello', ' World!']
COMMAND-LINE STRING INPUT

print("Enter your name:")

x = input()
print("Hello, " + x)

y = input("Enter your name: ")

print("Hello, " + y)
PYTHON OPERATORS

+ Addition x+y
- Subtraction x-y
* Multiplication x*y
/ Division x/y
% Modulus x%y
** Exponentiation x ** y
PYTHON LISTS

cars = ["Ford", "Volvo", "BMW"]

PYTHON LISTS
Access the Elements of a list:

Get the value of the first array item:

x = cars[0]

Modify the value of the first array item:

cars[0] = "Toyota"
PYTHON LISTS
List Functions:

append()  Adds an element at the end of the list

cars.append("Benz")

clear()  Removes all the elements from the list

cars.clear()

copy()  Returns a copy of the list

my = cars.copy()
PYTHON LISTS
List Functions:
count()  Returns the number of elements with the specified value
cars = ["Ford", "Volvo", "BMW“, "Volvo"]
cars.count("Volvo")

index()  Returns the index of the first element with the specified
value
cars.index("Volvo")
PYTHON LISTS
List Functions:
pop()  Removes the element at the specified position
cars.pop(2)

remove()  Removes the first item with the specified value

cars.remove("Volvo")

reverse()  Reverses the order of the list

cars.reverse()
PYTHON LISTS

List Functions:

sort()  Sorts the list

cars.sort()

Length of a list
Return the number of elements in the cars array:
x = len(cars)
PYTHON CONTROL STRUCTURES

 Sequence
 Selection/ Condition
 Repetition/ Iteration/ Loops
PYTHON CONDITIONS

Operators

Python supports the usual logical conditions from mathematics:

• Equals: a == b
• Not Equals: a != b
• Less than: a < b
• Less than or equal to: a <= b
• Greater than: a > b
• Greater than or equal to: a >= b
PYTHON CONDITIONS
If statement:

a = 33
b = 200
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
PYTHON CONDITIONS
If – elif statement:

a = 33
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
PYTHON CONDITIONS
If – elif - else statement: e d
Nes t
a = 200 I F?
b = 33
if b > a:
print("b is greater than a")
elif a == b:
print("a and b are equal")
else:
print("a is greater than b")
Exercise 01

Consider the string (text = "Hello SLIIT“) and write the output of the following.
a) text[:3]
b) text [ : 5]
c) text [ 2 :]
d) text [2 : len(text)]
Exercise 02

Write a Python program to create a list with three elements and perform the
following tasks.

Fruits = [‘Apple’, ‘Orange’, ‘Banana’]

a) Calculate the length of the list.

b) Append list1 to above created list.

list1 = [‘aaa’, 35]

c) Insert ‘Grapes’ to index 2.

Exercise 03

Swap the first element and last element of a list.

Fruits = [‘Apple’, ‘Orange’, ‘Banana’]

Exercise 04

a) Write a Python program to check whether a number is Positive or Negative.

b) Accept values of length and breadth of a rectangle from user and check if it is
square or not.

c) Write a program to check if a year is a leap year or not. If a year is divisible by 4

then it is a leap year but if the year is century year like 2000 , 1900, 2100 then it
must be divisible by 400.
Exercise 05

Write a program to accept a mark from the user and display the grade according to
the following criteria.

Marks Grade
>90 A
>80 and <=90 B
>=60 and <= 80 C
Below 60 D
Exercise 07

Write a program to accept three integers from a user and display the largest number.
LOOPS/ REPETITIONS/ ITERATIONS
Python Loops

Python has two primitive loop commands:

• while loops
• for loops

Python doesn’t have post condition loops.

LOOPS/ REPETITIONS/ ITERATIONS

THE WHILE LOOP

With the while loop we can execute a set of statements as long as the condition is
true.

Print i as long as i is less than 6:

i=1
while i < 6:
print(i)
i += 1
LOOPS/ REPETITIONS/ ITERATIONS

THE WHILE LOOP

Q1. Print 5 stars (*).

Q2. Print even numbers from 1 to 10.
Q3. Develop a calculator to repetitively run four functions as +, -, * and /. You need
to take inputs for numbers and for operators. If the user need to exit from the
calculator, he/she may enter Q.
Q4. Construct the following list and replace all the values by its’ square value.

2 4 3 5 7 6
LOOPS/ REPETITIONS/ ITERATIONS

THE FOR LOOP

Print each fruit in a fruit array:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for x in fruits:
print(x)
LOOPS/ REPETITIONS/ ITERATIONS

THE FOR LOOP

The range() Function

for x in range(6):
print(x)

• Note that range(6) is not the values of 0 to 6, but the values 0 to 5.

LOOPS/ REPETITIONS/ ITERATIONS

THE FOR LOOP

The range() Function

The range() function defaults to 0 as a starting value, however it is possible to specify

the starting value by adding a parameter: range(2, 6), which means values from 2 to
6 (but not including 6):

for x in range(2, 6):

print(x) 2345
LOOPS/ REPETITIONS/ ITERATIONS

THE FOR LOOP

The range() Function

Increment the sequence with 3 (default is 1):

for x in range(2, 30, 3):

print(x)
LOOPS/ REPETITIONS/ ITERATIONS

THE FOR LOOP

Q1. Take 10 integers from keyboard using loop and print their average value on the
screen.

Q2. Write a Python program to find the largest number in a list.

Q3. Given a list iterate it and display numbers which are divisible by 5 and if you
find number greater than 150 stop the loop iteration.

List1 = [12, 15, 32, 42, 55, 75, 122, 132, 150, 180, 200]
FUNCTIONS

CREATING A FUNCTION
def my_function():
print("Hello from a function")

CALLING A FUNCTION
my_function()
FUNCTIONS

INPUT PARAMETERS DEFAULT PARAMETER VALUE

def my_function(country = "Norway"):
def my_function(fname):
print("I am from " + country)
print(fname + " Hello")
my_function("Sweden")
my_function("Emil")
my_function("India")
my_function("Tobias")
my_function()
my_function("Linus")
my_function("Brazil")
FUNCTIONS

RETURN VALUES PYTHON DATETIME

def my_function(x): import datetime
return 5 * x x = datetime.datetime.now()
print(x)
print(my_function(3))
print(my_function(5))
print(my_function(9))
PYTHON 2D ARRAYS

CREATING 2D ARRAY
List1 = [ [ 0 for i in range (7) ] for j in range (6) ]
List2 = [ [“A”] * 7 ] * 6

ACCESS ELEMENTS
Marks[2][3] = 0
THE END