POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

OPEN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

The Self from

Various
Perspectives
Psychology
Created by
John Arvin M. Baygan
PUP OUS IODE
The Overview
One of the most debated issues in sociology is the problematic relationship
between society and individual. The self is a relatively stable set of
perceptions of who we are in relation to ourselves, others, and to social
systems. The self is socially constructed in the sense that it is shaped
through interaction with other people.
PUP OUS IODE
The Module Objectives

After successful completion of this

module, you should be able to
discuss different conceptions of the
self and according to the theories of
personality in psychology.
Personality
"Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of
those psychophysical systems that determine his characteristics
behavior and thought" (Allport, 1961, p. 28).
“The characteristics or blend of characteristics that make a
person unique” (Weinberg & Gould, 1999).
Both definitions emphasize the uniqueness of the individual
and consequently adopt an idiographic view…

Read & Watch:

McLeod, S. A. (2017). Theories of personality. Simply Psychology.

https://www.simplypsychology.org/personality-theories.html
Measuring Personality: Crash Course Psychology #22
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUrV6oZ3zsk
William James

Me-Self
I-Self
 William James
(1842–1910)
James described two aspects of the self
that he termed the “I Self” and “Me
Self.” The I Self reflects what people see
or perceive themselves doing in the
physical world (e.g., recognizing that one
is walking, eating, writing), whereas the
Me Self is a more subjective and
psychological phenomenon, referring to
individuals’ reflections about themselves
(e.g. characterizing oneself as athletic,
smart, cooperative).
 William James
(1842–1910)
3 Components of the Me Self

1. The material self (e.g., tangible objects

or possessions we collect for
ourselves)

2. The social self (e.g., how we interact

and portray ourselves within different
groups, situations, or persons)

3. the spiritual self (e.g., internal

dispositions).
Reference:
https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/psychology/psychology-a
nd-psychiatry/self-representation
Freud’s Theory

Personality
Psychosexual Development
Psychosexual Development
People – including children – are
basically hedonistic – they are driven to
seek pleasure by gratifying
the Id’s desires (Freud, 1920). Sources of
pleasure are determined by the location
of the libido (life-force).

Has six stage:

1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic
4. Latency
5. Genital
Psychosexual Development
Eysenck’s Personality
Theory
Hans Eysenck
(1916-1997)

Eysenck (1952, 1967, 1982)

proposed a theory of personality
based on biological factors, arguing
that individuals inherit a type of
nervous system that affects their
ability to learn and adapt to the
environment.
Hans Eysenck
(1916-1997)

During 1940s Eysenck was working at

the Maudsley psychiatric hospital in
London. His job was to make an initial
assessment of each patient before
their mental disorder was diagnosed
by a psychiatrist.

He used a technique called factor

analysis. This technique reduces
behavior to a number of factors which
can be grouped together under
separate headings, called dimensions.
Hans Eysenck
(1916-1997)

Eysenck (1947) found that their

behavior could be represented by two
dimensions: Introversion /
Extroversion (E);
Neuroticism / Stability (N).

Each aspect of personality

(extraversion, neuroticism and
psychoticism) can be traced back to a
different biological cause.
Cattell’s 16 Personality
Factors
Raymond Cattell
(1905-1998)
Cattell (1965) disagreed with
Eysenck’s view that personality
can be understood by looking at
only two or three dimensions of
behavior.

Instead, he argued that that is

was necessary to look at a much
larger number of traits in order
to get a complete picture of
someone’s personality.
Raymond Cattell Whereas Eysenck based his
(1905-1998) theory based on the responses
of hospitalized servicemen,
Cattell collected data from a
range of people through three
different sources of data.

L Data- This is life record data

such as school grades, absence
from work and etc.

Q-data- This was a questionnaire

designed to rate an individual’s
personality (16PF)

T-data- Data from objective tests

designed to ‘tap’ into the
personlity construct.
16 Personality Factors
Allport’s Trait Theory
Gordon Allport
(1897-1967)

Allport's theory of personality

emphasizes the uniqueness of
the individual and the internal
cognitive and motivational
processes that influence
behavior. For example,
intelligence, temperament,
habits, skills, attitudes, and
traits.

Allport (1937) believes that

personality is biologically
determined at birth, and
shaped by a person's
Gordon Allport
(1897-1967)

Allport's theory of personality

emphasizes the uniqueness of
the individual and the internal
cognitive and motivational
processes that influence
behavior. For example,
intelligence, temperament,
habits, skills, attitudes, and
traits.

Allport (1937) believes that

personality is biologically
determined at birth, and
shaped by a person's
PUP OUS IODE The Activities/
Assessments
1. Answer the quiz that will be
assigned relevant to this lesson.
It will be uploaded in google
classroom.
 Reference

McLeod, S. A. (2017). Theories of personality. Simply Psychology.

https://www.simplypsychology.org/personality-theories.h