HALO ALKANES AND HALOARENES

CLASSIFICATION
 IMPORTANT VIDEO LINKS

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7jYQ9k7Iq0 - SN1 mechanism

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Jhk2TBEUTo - REASON FOR LOW REACTIVITY OF HALOARENES IN NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION

https://youtu.be/FMRBRTmR6Jo - STEREOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION

https://youtu.be/reLSyXc9iUs - ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION

https://youtu.be/f6JlWx_vQzw - REPLACEMENT BY HYDROXYL GP

https://youtu.be/pMkipMaAgZ0 - SN2 mechanism
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS
Give reasons:
'The presence of nitro group (−NO2)​ at ortho or para positions increases the reactivity
of haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution reaction, but presence of nitro group at
meta position does not affect the reactivity.

This is because nitro group (−NO2​) at ortho or para positions withdraws the electrons from the
benzene ring which facilitates the attack of the nucleophile.The resulting carbanion is stabilised by
resonance .The negative charge in the carbanion formed at ortho or para positions with respect to
halogen atom is stabilized by the presence of nitro group. When the nitro gp is at meta position none
of the resonating structures bear negative charge on the carbon atom linked to the nitro gp . So it
does not stabilise the negative charge and hence no effect is seen on reactivity
ELECTROPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS
 DIFFERENCE IN REACTIVITY TOWARDS NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION
FACT – HALOARENES ARE LESS REACTIVE TOWARDS NUCLEOPHILIC REACTIONS COMPARED
TO HALOALKANES
REASONS