CAPITAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
PRESENTED BY :
KINZA ZUBAIR
BMT213017
PRESENTED TO :
Dr. SANIA RIAZ
GASTROESOPHAGAL REFLUX DISEASE
 TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction

Epidemiology and pathophysiology

Symptoms

Complications

Diagnosis

Treatment

Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
• Common digestive disorder worldwide with prevalence of 22.2_24.0% in
Pakistan.
• It is condition results from the reflux of stomach contents into the
oesophagus.
• Important health concern as it is associated with decreased quality of life
and significant morbidity.
• GERD medications are not particularly expensive.
 Risk factors for GERD include

Older age
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND
Excessive body mass indux
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Smoking

Anxiety/ depression

Less physical Activity at work

Eating habits (acidity of food,timing of
meal)
 SYMPTOMS
• Classic and common symptom of GERD is heartburn
 Heartburn is burning sensation in chest radiating towards mouth.
 Non_cardiac chest pain
 Extraoesophagal manifestations of GERD(throat clearing and hoarseness)
• Alarm symptoms include:
 Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)
 Odynophagia (painfull swallowing)
 Anaemia,bleeding,weight loss
 COMPLICATIONS
• ESOPHAGITIS:
• Resulting in extensive erosions,ulserations and narrowing of oesophagus.
• May also lead to gastrointestinal bleeding.
• GI may present as anemia,hematemesis,coffee-ground emesis,melena.
• ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURE:
• Scar tissue develops and namrrow the oesophagus
 COMPLICATIONS
• BARRETT’S ESOPHAGUS:
• Intestinal metaplasia of oesophagus
• The normal squamous cell epitheliumof pesophagus replaced by
columnar epithelium.
• Lining of oesophagus comes to resemble tissue that lines the intestine.
• Which leads to CANCER.
 DIAGNOSIS
• For classic symptoms:
 Histamine type 2(H2) receptor blockers or
 Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
• For Alarm symptoms:
 Endoscopy or esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)
 Endoscopic systems are:
 Los Angeles classification graded from A to D, D be the most severe
 Ambulatory pH monitoring
 Flouroscopic barium testing
 DIAGNOSIS
• Cause stomach to empty more quickly:
Prokinetics

• Neutralize acid in stomach:

Antacids
 TREATMENT
• Classic symptoms cured by lifestyle modification:
 Head of bed elevation
 Avoiding smoking,heavy alcohol consumption,large evening meals, night time
snacks and high dietary fat intake.
 Weight loss is strongly encouraged
 Avoid non steroidal anti inflammantry drugs
• Don’t lie 2-3 hours after eating
• Avoid stresss
 FOOD THAT CAN EXACEBRATE
GERD SYMPTOMS

Fatty Fried Onion and garlic

Spicy

Citrus fruit Fizzy drinks Dairy products

Cafeine
THANK YOU