Evaluation

a. Removal of the temporary restoration.

b. remaining cement should be removed from the

prepared tooth surface with an explorer.

c. The preparation is rinsed with water and air

spray, inspected after drying the area.
fixed prosthesis should be checked from many aspects:
1. Seating.
2. Marginal integrity.
3. Retention and stability.
4. Occlusion.
5. Contour alignment and Occlusal anatomy.
6. Contour of the pontic and its relation to the mucosa
of the alveolar ridge.
7. Connectors.
8. Esthetics.
9. Radiographic checking.
 1- Seating:

• The restoration should be able to be seated

with little frictional resistance.

• Gentle occluding force should be sufficient to

complete the seating.
Causes of resistance to complete seating:
(a) Excessive proximal contacts:
The location, size and tightness of proximal contacts
should resemble those of the natural teeth.

Ideally a thin unwaxed dental

floss should snap through
with resistance but without
tearing.
• If the floss will not pass, the contact 
excessively tight.
• If it goes through easily  food impaction
may result.
i. Excessive tightness in all-metallic restorations:
•If a tight contact prevents the seating of an all-metallic
restoration, adjustments  a rubber wheel.
The satin finish produced helps to identify where binding occur.
A shiny spot will appear where adjustment is necessary.

•Special quick drying marking liquid can be used to cover the

contact surface and on seating the excessive contact area will be
detected as the marking layer will be scratched.
ii. Excessive tightness in porcelain restorations:
A tight proximal contact in unglazed porcelain
is easily adjusted with a cylindrical stone.
The area of contact can be identified with
red pencil.
iii. Deficient proximal contact:
Deficient contact in all-metallic restorations 
usually be corrected by soldering.
Deficient porcelain restorations:
• A low fusing "add on“ or correction porcelain is
used for minor correction
(b) Presence of nodules on the fitting surface of
the restoration:
Detection:
A magnifying lens may be used to examine the fitting surface
particularly at the inner angles.
Causes:
1.Air
1.Air trapped
trapped during
during investing
investing procedure.
procedure.
2.In
2.In adequate
adequate vacuum
vacuum during
during investing.
investing.
3.
3. Improper
Improper brush
brush technique.
technique.
4.Lack
4.Lack of
of surfactant.
surfactant.
5.Excessive
5.Excessive vibration.
vibration.

Correction:
Small nodule not located in critical areas  should be removed.

Large nodule or situated on the margin  remake

(c) Over extension of the gingival margin:
Errors in die making and or wax pattern carving may
results in over extending gingival margins of the restoration
causing resistance to complete seating.

Correction :
New impressions are taken and new dies and working
casts are made
(d) Tight casts:
Causes:
Improper expansion of the investment due to:
1.Improper W/P.
2.Improper spatulation.
3.No ring liner.
4.Improper mold heating.
5.Improper liquid added.
Detection :
By painting the fitting surface of the restoration with a special
quick drying marking liquid  seat the restoration
paint in the tight areas  scratched due to friction.
Correction:
If the area of interference is small and well defined it can be
reduced  spot grinding.
(e) Lack of parallelism of abutment teeth

(f) Faulty assembling and soldering:

causes:
1. Failure to maintain the proper relationship of the
assembled parts of the bridge.
2. Improper heating of the assembly.
3. Improper heat application during soldering.
4. Improper proximal gap.
correction
Disassembling  resoldering
Disassembling :
a) Using diamond disc until the joint become thin enough
to be fractured manually
b) b) By heating the solder joint until it melts.
2. Margin Integrity:
Ideally the completed restoration should go into place
without binding of the internal aspect against the
occlusal surface or the axial walls of the tooth
preparation.

Several techniques have been used to detect where

casting binds against occlusal or axial walls.
- Disclosing wax.
- Water soluble marking agents.
- Powdered spray.
- Air abrasion to form a matte finish surface.
- Elastomeric detection pastes:
• Similar tosilicon impression material.
• Obtained in 2 paste system.
• Has similar viscosity to final luting agents.
Use sharp explorer.
Held perpendicular to the marginal area.
Moved occlusocervically across the margin.
• Gap or open margin exists:
a) Excessive proximal contact or residual provisional luting
agent that prevents the casting from being seated 
Corrective actions can be made.
b) In accurate restoration  Remake.

• Small ledge:
Small ledge at margins may not necessarily mean that the
restoration must be remade, it may only require additional
finishing
Finishing of the margins:

a. Subgingival margins:
Not
Not accessible
accessible for
for finishing
finishing in
in the
the mouth.
mouth.
Finished
Finished on
on the
the die.
die.
Pre-cementation
Pre-cementation X-Ray
X-Ray isis needed.
needed.

b. Supragingival margins:
Finished
Finished with
with the
the casting
casting seated
seated on
on the
the tooth.
tooth.
White
White stone
stone rotating
rotating from
from the
the restoration
restoration to
to tooth
tooth structure  suitable
structure  suitable
finished
finished margins.
margins.
Burnishing
Burnishing cancan be
be made
made during
during cementation
cementation procedure
procedure before
before initial
initial
setting
setting of
of the
the cement.
cement.
3. Retention and stability:
•Ideally the restoration should have adequate retentive
properties.
properties.

• It should be able to be retained in position by tenso-

frictional grip during initial seating.
frictional grip during initial seating.

•The stability of a bridge can be verified by placing one finger

on one retainer and see whether there is evidence of a rocking
on one retainer and see whether there is evidence of a rocking
action on the other retainer.
It should not rock or rotate when force is applied.

The instability maybe due to:

a)
a) small nodule can be corrected.

b) Distortion a new casting will be necessary.

Causes of distortion:
1. In correct handling of wax pattern before
investing.
2. Under estimation of a wax relaxation due to
induced stresses.
3. Under estimation of setting and hygroscopic
expansion.
4. In correct positioning of wax pattern in the casting
ring.
5. Using force during removal of the restoration from
the casting ring.
4. Occlusion:
It should be checked by the use:
• Thin articulating paper which will leave a mark on the
high spots
•Occlusion should be checked both in centric and
lateral and protrusive excursions.
•Any undesirable eccentric contacts as well as centric
interference must be identified.

•Occlusal adjustment involving dental porcelain is

better to be done in the bisque stage , interferences are
better to be done in the bisque stage , interferences are
more easily marked on a bisque surface than on glazed
porcelain.
5. Contour, Alignment and Occlusal
Anatomy:
Contour and alignment should be compared with the
neighboring teeth and similar teeth on the opposite
side.

•Cervical
Cervical contour
contour of
of the
the retainer:
retainer:
•Cervical embrasure form and interproximal
contour:
6. Contour of the pontic and its relation to
the mucosa of the alveolar ridge:
a. The pontic should be in passive fit with the ridge:
••The
The relationship
relationship of
of the
the pontic
pontic to
to the
the ridge
ridge should
should be
be self-cleansing.
self-cleansing.
•• Pressure
Pressure of
of the
the pontic
pontic against
against the
the ridge  blanching
ridge  blanching of
of the
the mucosa.
mucosa.
••The
The pressure
pressure can
can be
be verified
verified by
by passing
passing dental
dental floss
floss between
between the
the pontic
pontic
and
and the
the ridge
ridge antroposteriorly.
antroposteriorly.
b. The
The pontic
pontic should
should have
have the
the correct
correct contour
contour that
that allows
allows the
the food
food
sweep
sweep over
over the
the mucosa
mucosa as
as massaging
massaging and
and stimulating
stimulating action
action and
and not
not to
to
impinge
impinge directly
directly up  irritation
up  irritation and
and inflammation.
inflammation.
7. Connectors:
Rigid connectors: Checked for adequate strength
and maintain the correct interproximal relationship.

Non-rigid connectors: Checked for adequate

retentive qualities and maintenance of corrected
interproximal relationship.
8. Esthetics:
fixed prostheses must be in harmony with the
neighboring natural teeth particularly in form, size,
surface characterization and color match.

Therefore Ceramic restoration must be evaluated for:

• Contour of the restoration.
• Surface characterization.
• Color match.
(a) Contour of the restoration:
•Check proximal contact relationship and marginal fit of the
restoration.
•Verify the contour of gingival 1/3  because. excessive
bulk in this area  P.D. disease.

•Thin flexible disc  is used to reduce any over contoured

interproximal area.
In anterior teeth the restoration is tried in the patient
mouth and evaluation is made:
ِa. An average of 1-2 mm of the clinical crown of
maxillary central and lateral incisors should be
visible when upper lip is relaxed.

b. Incisal edge of maxillary lateral incisors are 1-2 mm

shorter than central incisors.
c. The “negative space” incisal embrasures. Because their absence  artificial
appearance.

d. Let the patient pronounce the letter “F” , they are made with incisal edges of
maxillary central incisors touching at "wet dry line" (The junction of the moist
and dry surfaces of the vermilion bonder of the lower lip).
e. Mark line angles directly on porcelain restoration in
bisque stage with red pencil and compare these line
angles with the adjacent and contra-lateral teeth.

f. Evaluate the overall contour, it should matches with

the adjacent teeth.
Teeth should moisten with saliva to observe light
reflection. Moist surfaces reflects light on the same
manner as glazed restoration.
(b) Surface characterization:
Dry the teeth and examine their surfaces
carefully:
• Surface defects can be simulated by grinding
the porcelain with diamond stone.

• Flat or concave areas will reflect light in a

characteristic manner producing high lights.

• Avoid over characterizing which makes teeth

to look unnatural.
(c) Color match.
Check the color if match or need any
modification.
9. Radiographic Checking:
Indicated to verify gingival adaptation and to
make certain that no undetected open margins
exist interproximally.