EARTHQUAKE AND

VOLCANO ERUPTIONS
Can you identify the following simple
machines?
The letters of the words below are
jumbled.
Figure out what the word is.

A E R H T
1.
2. A N G A P E
3. A T L E M N
 C R O E
4.

5. C U T R S
What is Pangaea?

Pangaea, from the Greek pangaia, which

means “all the Earth,” once contained almost
the whole landmass on the planet. Pangaea
theory, according to National Geographic,
suggested that the tectonic plates forming the
planet’s outer crust slid over the inner layers
until they merged as a landmass surrounded by
a massive ocean called Panthalassa.
 The structure of
the earth is divided
into four major
components: the
crust, the mantle,
the outer core, and
the inner core. Each
layer has a unique
chemical
composition, physical
state, and can impact
life on Earth's
surface.
The crust
This is the outside layer of the
earth and is made of solid rock, mostly
basalt and granite. There are two
types of crust; oceanic and continental.
Oceanic crust is denser and thinner
and mainly com​posed of basalt.
Continental crust is less dense,
thicker, and mainly composed of
granite.
The mantle
The mantle lies below the crust
and is up to 2900 km thick. It
consists of hot, dense, iron and
magnesium-rich solid rock. The crust
and the upper part of the mantle
make up the lithosphere, which is
broken into plates, both large and
small.
The core
The core is the center of the
earth and is made up of two parts:
the liquid outer core and solid inner
core. The outer core is made of
nickel, iron and molten rock.
Temperatures here can reach up to
50,000 C.
Answer the following:

What are the three layers of the
1.
earth?
 2. Which is the outermost layer of the

earth?
 3. Which is the innermost layer of the

earth?
 4. How will you describe the mantle?
 5. What do you call the super

continent?
Label the layers of the Earth
Assignment:
 Research on the different plate boundaries
and write them on your notebook